A Telephone Based Wireless Remote Controller

Information preparing phases of the transmitter and collector modules have been actualized utilizing computerized parts, along these lines keeping away from conceivable utilization of regular gadgets like monostable multivibrators. Because of the completely computerized nature, the proposed structure is less unpredictable and henceforth the usage is financially savvy. I. Presentation With the headway in science and innovation, people have built up a propensity to make their regular day to day existence sufficiently sumptuous with the guide of innovation. This has prompted the improvement of many modern devices and types of gear that help them mostly/completely in their every day exercises. Working all such electronic/electrical instruments in an advanced house may be hard for the older just as debilitated individuals. Our essential inspiration to fabricate a basic and ease framework which remotely works all the home machines comes starting here. We incorporate our framework with a standard phone set so the phone can be utilized for the double reason for communication and remote controller for different home apparatuses. The proposed framework for the most part comprises of 3 modules, viz. , phone interface circuit, transmitter and beneficiary. The transmitter module is thusly comprised of an advanced information preparing square and a remote (infrared) transmitter square and the eceiver module is comprised of a remote (infrared) recipient square, computerized information handling square and an unraveling square. In the plan, a phone recipient goes about as a remote terminal to give input Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) signs to the phone interface circuit which changes over them to comparing 4 piece Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) codes. The transmitter produces a 8 piece outline utilizing this BCD co de to encourage offbeat correspondence. The collector interprets the got flags in the wake of checking for any transmission mistakes (single piece) in the casing. These decoded bits go about as control signals for the activity of home apparatuses. The framework utilizes a nonconcurrent kind of correspondence [1] in which the transmitter and recipient timekeepers are autonomous. The beneficiary clock doesn't have any earlier data in regards to the period of the transmitter clock [2]. This prompts the issue of picking the right inspecting moments at the recipient [3]. Consequently the information is transmitted as casings rather than singular bits. Each such edge comprises of start bits, data bits, and stop bits [1]. This is clarified in detail in the ensuing segments. At the point when the framework is inert, the information handling square of he transmitter gives steady intelligent high yield. Since the transmitter devours more force in transmitting coherent high than intelligent low, the yield of information handling square is nullified before transmission to spare force in the inert state. The beneficiary module likewise faculties this and stays inactive at whatever point the transmitter is transmitting consistent coherent l ow. The gathering of a beginning piece changes the condition of the beneficiary from an inactive to a functioning state. It at that point needs to test the rest of the information bits in the casing at legitimate examining moments. The majority of the standard equipment plans include the utilization of monostable ultivibrators at the beneficiary to recoup the information bits following the beginning piece. The monostable multivibrators ordinarily depend on factor segments, for example, obstruction and capacitance esteems, just as they frequently represent a significant piece of the proliferation delays related with the collector. We have stretched out this treatment to a completely computerized plan that presents additionally testing undertakings including an advanced yield input. Also, utilization of every computerized part in the information preparing stages decreases the proliferation delay extensively. The total structure layout of the considerable number of modules of the ropos ed framework is introduced in Section II. Results and conversations are given in Section III. At last, we present our decisions in Section IV. II. Configuration OUTLINE The square graph of the proposed phone based remote control framework is appeared in Fig. 1. In the proposed framework, the phone set plays out the double elements of communication and remotely controlling different gadgets. The remote control method of the phone can be enacted by squeezing ‘#’ from the keypad of the phone. After the ideal undertakings are practiced, ‘#’ ought to be squeezed again to deactivate the control framework. This is one of the elements of the phone interface circuit, which is talked about straightaway. A. Phone Interface Circuit The phone interface circuit incorporates the structured framework with the standard phone framework. As appeared in Fig. 2, it fundamentally plays out the activity of getting the signs from the neighborhood circle and changing over them to the standard computerized flags in the BCD group. At the point when any phone button is squeezed, a remarkable DTMF signal is created for a brief length [4] which is changed over to relating BCD code by a standard DTMF to BCD converter (KT-3170) [5]. The double tone frequencies and the BCD codes related with each dialed digit are appeared in Table 1. The framework stays in the inert state until ‘#’ button is squeezed which sets the phone to remote control mode. This mode stays enacted until ‘#’ button is squeezed once more. This is acknowledged in the equipment by utilizing the BCD code relating to ‘#’ as the clock to flip the J-K flip-flop (74112). The flip-flop yield flips at whatever point the ‘#’ button is squeezed and this is straightforwardly used to control the method of activity of the phone. The DSO yield of KT-3170 [5] is utilized to produce a beginning it for the framework as it is consistent high at whatever point a got tone pair has been enlisted and the yield hook is refreshed. As the hooked 4-piece BCD code is straightforwardly accessible at the yield of KT-3170, it is given as such to the information handling square of the transmitter. These information bits are then prepared to encourage nonconcurrent correspondence as clarified underneath. B. Transmitter The 4-piece yield of KT-3170 can not be straightforwardly transmitted as individual bits as the proposed framework utilizes nonconcurrent method of correspondence. The 4-piece BCD code is in this way transmitted as edges for appropriate gathering [1]. We have picked an eight piece outline for our framework which comprises of a beginning piece followed by four information bits, an equality bit and two stop bits. Equality bit empowers the framework to recognize any single piece blunder during transmission. Stop bits mark the completion of the edge. The casing is then transmitted utilizing infrared (IR) transmitter. As appeared in Fig. 2, the transmitter for the most part comprises of two squares which are clarified beneath. 1) Fully Digital Data Processing Block: This square plays out the capacity of changing over individual bits to 8-piece outlines so as to convey offbeat correspondence. First piece of the edge is the beginning piece (taken as 0) which is produced when any of the catches is squeezed. The succeeding 4 bits are the information bits (BCD code) produced by the phone interface circuit as clarified previously. Next piece is taken as equality check bit produced by XORing the initial 5 bits of the edge. Last 2 bits, named as stop bits, are taken as 1. Following the age of the beginning piece, the information bits are stacked in the corresponding to sequential converter (74165) utilizing a D-type flip-flop (7474) and the edge is transmitted sequentially. 2) IR Transmitter Block: This module transmits the edges enerated in the past area utilizing an IR discharging diode. The information to be transmitted is balanced utilizing Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) with a bearer square rush of 38 kHz. The transmission scope of the framework is in this manner exceptionally improved over the situation when information is transmitted without tweak. As the information prepar ing stage gives intelligent high yield in the inactive state, it is invalidated before transmission to spare force. Hence, an intelligent low is really transmitted at whatever point the framework is out of gear state. C. Beneficiary The recipient additionally has 2 working states, viz. , inert and dynamic. It stays in the inactive state until it identifies a beginning piece. It at that point gets the edge beginning from the beginning piece and checks for a solitary piece mistake. In the event that blunder is recognized, no move is made and the data must be transmitted again by the client. The got information bits are then decoded which go about as control signals for the activity of different apparatuses. As is apparent from Fig. 3, beneficiary circuit can be partitioned into 3 squares which are clarified beneath. 1) IR Receiver Block: This square gets the transmitted casings and changes over the sign back to Transistor Logic (TTL) levels. A standard 38 kHz IR recipient (TSOP 1738) [6] is utilized for this reason. 2) Sampling Clock Generator: The fundamental capacity of this square is to produce a testing moment at around the center of the transmitted piece stretch. The beginning piece enacts this square and loads counter 1 (4-piece up-counter) with esteem ‘0’. The clock recurrence of this counter is multiple times the bit rate. At the point when the yield of this counter changes from 7 to 8, the most huge piece changes from ‘0’ to ‘1’ and this rising edge is utilized as the inspecting moment for the information. Start bit additionally stacks the counter 2 (4-piece down-counter) with the casing size I. e. , 8. At the point when this arrives at the worth ‘0’, the entire square is handicapped and is reactivated just when next beginning piece shows up. 3) Data Sampler and Decoder: The sequential information is inspected by the testing moment produced in the past stage and is changed over to resemble structure utilizing sequential to resemble converter (74164). This information is then checked for any 1-piece mistakes by XORing the bits. On the off chance that blunder is discovered, no move is made and the information must be retransmitted. On the off chance that no blunders are discovered, the information is decoded utilizing 4-16 decoder (74154) and he signal is given to the apparatus for the fulfillment of the comparing task. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The proposed framework has been completely actualized and effectively tried in the standar

Digitization and convergence of music industry

Digitization and union of music industry Conventional record industry plan of action Sacha Wunsch-Vincent and Graham Vickery note that the connection between the craftsman and the record organization is generally authoritative which typically keep going for a restricted timeframe or number of records relying upon the detail of the contract.1 Record organizations changes over the masterful creation into shopper items close by putting resources into craftsmen to grow and showcase their works.2 Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Digitization and intermingling of music industry explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More A record industry can be supposed to do very great on the off chance that one of every ten of the all out craftsman interest thusly out productive. Significant, most craftsman frequently never offer enough to recoup the brought about by and large expense. Record organizations support amateur craftsmen from benefits, inventories deals and new discharges. Craftsman must accomplish a pre defined number of duplicates offered to earn back the original investment. The standard chronicle industry income is gathered from accounts while the turnover from T-shirt deals, shows, etc, regularly develop to the craftsman. When a music piece has gotten well known, the music business bundle industry in assorted groups to sell a similar customer a similar piece numerous times.1 in the midst of expanding income from sponsorship, marketed, live visiting and declining deals of CDs the business has experience a contracting share in the general 1Sacha Wunsch-Vincent and Graham Vickery, ‘Digital Broadband Content: Music’, Working Party on the Information Economy: Directorate for science, innovation and industry board of trustees for data, PC and correspondences approach, 2004, p. 39. 2Barney Wragg, Vice President, eLabs, Universal Music International (UMI) and Ms. Sara John, Government Affairs Head, EMI Music during the OECD Digital Broadband Content Panel (OECD, 2004b).Adv ertising Looking for article on workmanship and structure? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More music income. With respect to declining CD deal, the negative result of the changing record name approach on the artist’s returns must be returned to as far as computerized music deals likewise which may move artists’ returns. 1 Digital rights the executives (DRM) Effective DRM advances have been held onto as the business empowering influences has for the computerized conveyance of music just as for the various plans of action that meet the purchasers desires. Disregarding their disadvantages, they might be a critical specialized gadget for securing the IPRs and have capability of getting determined over the general advanced dispersion chain. Through their ability to make sure about substance, they may spur the substance rightholders to profit content for digitization and following computerized deals. By uprightness of thei r capacity to offer differing access plans to content the, DRMs may bear the cost of substance helps that are comply with shopper needs including the option to purchase time-constrained permission to melodies and consequently expanding buyers decision and desire. Numerous issues are related with DRMs. In the first place the key issues with DRM’s seem to have experienced issues in controling unapproved get to. DRM projects and advancements ought to be significantly hearty to ensure the insurance of computerized substance to theft. Methods for bridling innovation to make sure about licensed innovation have been created and have produced results. 3European Commission, ‘communication on The Management of Copyright and Related Rights in the Internal Market’. To address this issue, different governments have vow to build up an adequate lawful assurance and helpful legitimate arrangements against the circumvention of mechanical security mediations, for example, DRMs. Th ese legal assurances are essential for DRMs to work true to form. 1 Second, the extending adaption of DRM advances has offered conversation starter that the last may possibly confine utilization rights. In fact this worry has become an arrangement premise probably for customer affiliation and is clear in significant discussions. In light of certain scholastics, limits spot to private duplicates can turn out vexatious when they swing the balance between the desires for copyright holders just as the public.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Digitization and combination of music industry explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More DRMs have only here and there been known to square genuine access of substance and administrations, not at all like the CD-Rom duplicate assurance advancements. In any case, fashioners of DRM, clients of DRM-secured item should be similarly worried to guarantee reasonable use rights, and players in the market adjusting DRM, straig htforwardness, protection, and simplicity dependability of access.1 Bibliography European Commission, ‘communication on The Management of Copyright and Related Rights in the Internal Market’, 2004, pp. 11 Wragg B, John S, ‘EMI Music during the OECD Digital Broadband Content Panel’ (OECD, 2004b). Wunsch-Vincent, S Vickery G, ‘Digital Broadband Content: Music’, Working Party on the Information Economy, Directorate for science, innovation andâ industry board of trustees for data, PC and correspondences strategy, 2004, p. 39.

Misery Loves Company Part 1

Misery Loves Company Part 1 For those of you who missed the blog post subtitle: You might fit in at MIT if you love being miserable! Now wait just a second while I clean up this potential PR disaster; if I dont, Chris and Dave will probably turn me into bacon. (Speaking of which, do you know what form of pork I find to be often more delicious than bacon? Chinese barbeque pork (or at least, thats what I think it is browsing google images seemed to suggest thats what its called. You know, the delicious pork dish thats so red it seems candied? Anywho) More delicious than bacon? Perhaps. Image taken from royalbaconsociety.com. Wait, what? Royal Bacon Society? Dare I even ask?Speaking of bacon, I dont see what the big deal is, anyway. Bacons just one of those foods that youre not allowed to dislike. You tell people you dont really like bacon and they tell you theyre going to steal your firstborn and hold him hostage until you try bacon, because apparently if you dont like bacon you must have never tried it before. Alternatively, you tell people you dont like bacon and wake up in a bath tub full of ice, your kidneys removed, and a pile of bacon of comparable value to your kidneys in the living room with a note its for your own good. Or maybe not. But people get too worked up over bacon; when I tell people that I dont especially care for bacon they sometimes look at me like I just said something nasty about their grandmother. However, its time to move on with this blog post, before the bacon police come after me or (as previously warned) Chris and Dave turn me into tofu. *for the record, I am okay with bacon. Im just not a huge fan. Two different things. Also, wow, thats an old (4 years) picture of me.Moving on, really. By now, youve probably forgotten what I began this post with; I certainly have. However, Im going to write about being miserable. I think people at MIT like to be miserable. I think, however, that its not an oxymoron; keep reading, and maybe youll see what I mean. By miserable, I mean absolutely and terribly busy. I didnt use to think I was the kind of person who liked being busy; after all, Im quite lazy, and procrastinate to the point of painfulness. Even when I dont have much work, I procrastinate; if I have to do one thing in a day, like get groceries, I can almost guarantee that I will take more than one day to do it. However, thats not to say I dont get things done. The way it works for me is that when there are more things I want to and need to get done than one in a day when there are so many I cant possibly do them all, in a day or a week or even this year I begin to buckle down. I get efficient. I get into it. I still procrastinate, I still take time to relax no matter how much work Im facing, but when I have a lot of work is also when I most enjoy my relaxation. Sitting around and watching TV (Psych! the only show I pay significant attention to at the moment) is *boring* to me, when theres nothing else to do. At the end of this summer, I had two weeks with absolutely nothing I had to do, and I started off watching TV and sitting around with my laptop for the first two days. It was after I returned from one of the busiest vacations in my life if it can be called that which had immediately (12hrs) followed the busiest work week of my life. It was a busy summer, and thats what Part 2 of this post will be: my busy summer. Part 3 is about this semester, and the wonderfully stupid choice Ive made (that I dont yet regret at all, and hope to continue not regretting) Ive made. However, when I returned from my busy summer to spend two weeks in front of the TV, I grew restless after two days. I st arted driving to MIT at nights to help out with rush and recruiting freshmen for my dormitory. I started working heavily on a project, and treating it like work. I tried to find more and more things that I wanted to do, knowing fully that I would only seriously approach a small number of them. In other words, I got busy. I sometimes feel a bit miserable when Im too busy. I think thats the one problem with this lifestyle: when things overload and theres too much to do, it stops being fun. When youve got regular life to keep up with in addition to all the fun projects and classes you want to pursue and the two sides conflict, it can start to feel like a demolition derby; then you realize you have a test next week and a pset due in four hours that you havent started and you still havent had time to buy groceries so you havent had a meal in a week and youve been living off of yogurt and granola bars but you still cant keep up when it starts to feel more overwhelming than this run-on sentence thats when things get tricky. However, those moments do not make up my life. I think one of the most important things at MIT is not learning to be efficient with your time time-management doesnt work for everybody, and it doesnt seem to work for me but rather learning how to deal with your time. How to handle those moments of tension and overload and take on just enough so that those moments are few and far between. I think furthermore that MIT is full of people like this, like me in this regard; I think were a bunch of busybodies, too eager to pursue things to the point where our schedules become longer than our textbooks. I think thats a great thing; it certainly has potential to be a bad thing, but everybody I meet seems to have figured out how to keep it under control, and harnesses it to do amazing things. What brought this to mind last week was a post-blogger-meeting trip to IKEA for my new standing desk expect an eventual (pre-2013 ;) ) blogpost about my attempts at using a standing desk, perhaps once Ive had more time with it with Anna, whom you may have read about. Anna tried to enumerate to me the clubs she had joined and the activities she was pursuing the day before classes started, before any of the really heavy work had even begun and I malloced to null, because it was an absolutely humongous list. I think its what a lot of freshmen do, though you sign up for a million clubs, and in the end you only actually spend time at 15-20 of them (I kid its definitely a single digit number). But anyway Anna, good luck with all that. Ill leave discussion about that list, though, and about narrowing down choices of activities, to you (if you want), since I have enough blog fodder lying around here somewhere. And Im busy enough that I dont feel the need to add any more to the list, r ight now. (But thank you for inspiring these thoughts!) I guess thats how it is here most people at MIT seem to love being busy, even if they (like me) dont realize it. However, you know what they say; misery loves company, and I think that the company here is some of the best. I dont think the busy leads to miserable, though; I think we keep it under control, and it feels awesome. Just dont get so busy that you start having your cat do your homework for you. From top to bottom: Vincent, cat.-Cam

Financial Analysis Of Apple, Inc. Essay - 1861 Words

Company Background Apple, Inc. (formerly known as Apple Computer, Inc.) was incorporated in the State of California in 1977. Apple currently designs, manufactures, and markets a variety of computer and personal electronic products, including Macintosh computers, and the iPod digital music player. AppleÕs key markets are consumers, creative professionals, educational institutions, and business users. For nearly twenty years, Apple computers have been the industry standard for creative industries such as publishing, advertising, digital music and video editing, and graphic design. Apple computer and peripheral products include Macbook and Macbook Pro laptops, iMac and Mac Pro desktops, as well a line of flat-panel displays and the†¦show more content†¦In addition to selling itÕs products directly to consumers thru their website, Apple utilizes third-party wholesalers, resellers, and value-added resellers. Apple also runs a retail division, with 165 retails stores in operation at the end of FY2006. Key Financial Ratios FY2006 Valuation Ratios Company Industry Sector SP 500 P/E Ratio 43.70 36.50 30.02 20.73 Beta 1.22 1.38 1.66 1.00 Financial Strength Quick Ratio (MRQ) 2.88 2.29 2.68 1.29 Current Ratio (MRQ) 2.92 2.75 3.23 1.82 LT Debt to Equity 0.00 0.04 0.21 0.51 Total Debt to Equity (MRQ) 0.00 0.05 0.25 0.77 Interest Coverage (TTM) NM 4.74 14.09 13.53 Profitability Ratios Gross Margin (TTM) 31.53 27.63 51.84 44.54 Net Profit Margin (TTM) 12.92 8.46 14.43 13.75 Management Effectiveness Return On Assets (TTM) 17.09 12.40 11.10 8.28 Return On Investment (TTM) 24.58 25.43 15.54 12.25 Return On Equity (TTM) 26.63 36.92 20.34 20.63 Receivable Turnover (TTM) 24.13 14.20 8.17 10.40 Inventory Turnover (TTM) 71.75 58.61 12.85 12.08 Source: Reuters TTM: Trailing Twelve Month MRQ: Most Recent Quarter Financial Ratio Analysis Valuation and Financial Strength Ratios Apple, Inc. currently has a Price-to-Earnings ratio of 43.70, compared to the industry standard of 36.50, and the SP 500 average of 20.73. 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Nietzsche, A Critic Of Religion - 869 Words

Nietzsche is widely known as a critic of religion. In fact, he talks in depth about morality in regards to religion in his essays about the genealogy of morals. But the problem is not within religion itself or within morals. The problem is involved in the combination of the two to create society’s understanding of morality through a very religious lens. In fact, Nietzsche has criticism for almost any set of morals constructed by a group of individuals and meant to be applied to society as a whole. True morality, according to Nietzsche, requires a separation from these group dynamic views of morality- or at least a sincere look into where they originated and why they persist- and a movement towards a more introverted, and intrinsically personalized understanding of what morals mean in spite of the fact that â€Å"the normative force to which every member of society is exposed, in the form of obligations, codes of behavior, and other moral rules and guidelines, is disproportion ally high† (Korfmacher 6). As Nietzsche points out, within society there is a tendency to conflate religious standards with morality. In fact, it is difficult to discuss morality at all without running into issues that appear to be religious by their nature, but which, upon reflection, do not need to be put under that blanket. According to Nietzsche, we tend to mix religion and morality together because that is how we developed morality from the beginning of humanity. 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Although this branch of philosophy theorizes over many facets of human existence, one of its most innovative proposals was theRead MoreFriedrich Nietz sche s Philosophy And Ethics2039 Words   |  9 PagesCollege May 6, 2016 â€Æ' Abstract: Friedrich Nietzsche devoted his life to the study of philosophy and ethics. In particular to topics regarding Christianity and Atheism. A majority of his writings are against Christianity and The Antichrist is no different. The following paper will look into what Nietzsche wrote in The Antichrist and explore the ethical principles that he proposes and dismisses in this writing. â€Æ' The Antichrist is a collection of Friedrich Nietzsche writings that were put together by his

English 101 Argumentation Essay Free Essays

The new smoke- free policy at Suny Orange has many students outraged. Student smokers are being shunned for their addiction and are now forced to walk to the parking lot during class breaks for their fix. Our society is out casting them, even though it’s still legal, available, and enjoyable for many. We will write a custom essay sample on English 101 Argumentation Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, smoking on campus presents several problems to consider. Smoking is contagious. It spreads like wild fire from one person to the next. Students may find themselves being peer pressured to smoke because it’s ‘’the cool thing to do’’, or ‘’everyone is doing it’’. Especially since our economy is in a recession, many people are stressed out, and vulnerable. A group of people smoking around a non-smoker creates a bad environment for the non- smoker, and they may be influenced into smoking. It’s no mystery that cigarettes are extremely addictive. If a student caves to peer pressure just once, they could become a slave to the habit for the rest of their life. When I left my English 101 class the other day, I witnessed a 9 year old boy skateboarding up to a student who was smoking and the boy asked him if he could have a ‘’cigg’’. The student found him amusing and told him he shouldn’t be smoking but, not before handing him a cigarette. With the ban of smoking on campus, it will greatly reduce these situations from happening. Smokers tend to litter. Seeing a smoker flick a cigarette butt on the floor is an image that is all too familiar. With the amount of people who smoke today, it’s simply bound to cause a mess. A college setting shouldn’t be burdened with a dirty landscape. It’s very uncomfortable to walk to class surrounded by garbage. Also, the littering harms our environment. Birds, fish, flowers, and many critters are at risk. The cigarette butt still contains all the harmful chemicals that are toxic. They aren’t biodegradable so they will build up very rapidly and animals may confuse them for food. In addition, each discarded cigarette butt possesses a potential fire. If a fire where to occur many people’s lives would be put into danger because of the overcrowding O. C. C. C faces. The butt just needs to land somewhere with a little dry vegetation then; with a soft wind, it will burst into flames and spread from building to building. Unfortunately, smokers don’t seem to take this threat very seriously. The smoke cigarettes emit into the air. It’s practically impossible to walk between buildings without inhaling a lungful of cigarette smoke; especially when smokers light up just outside doorways and force everyone who wants to enter to walk right by them. All the smokers seem to completely disregard the fact that other people don’t want to be indulging in their bad habits. These smokers aren’t just polluting the air outside, but the air indoors as well. The second someone open the door all the smoke rushes into the building. It’s irritating to have to breathe in these harmful chemicals. It’s an instant headache when a classmate reeking of smoke sits next to me. It also doesn’t help with studying either. While leaving school yesterday I was immersed into a cloud of cigarette smoke and I couldn’t stop coughing, my eyes began tearing and I was extremely uncomfortable. Students are forced to face situations like this on a daily basis, and sadly many have become accustomed to it. I’m still trying to wrap my head around why so many students are against the new smoke-free policy. It’s not like they are being stripped of their ability to smoke their cancer causing tobacco. It’s just not worth it to have them diminishing the college’s appeal, while hurting themselves, other students, our environment, and potentially our school. Maybe in the future the college will assign designated smoking areas which don’t affect other smoke-free students but, in the meantime there will be no smoking on college grounds. How to cite English 101 Argumentation Essay, Essay examples

Cloud Compute Transforming IT And Business â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Cloud Compute Transforming IT And Business? Answer: Introduction: The Aztec organization wants to transform their working tactics with new and advanced features which helps in enhancing their turnover of the company. The senior executives of the enterprise has decided to transform their working curriculum with the deployment of any one of the recent technology into their enterprise such s bring your own device, migration to cloud computing, changing techniques with IPv6, and other. We as a project consultant recommended the Aztec organization to change their business functionality with the migration of business operation to the external cloud hosting solution. The changing of the traditional working style with the new innovative concepts is complied with many risks and challenges. The adoption of cloud computing platform increases the risks associated with the traditional physical infrastructure (Hogmen, 2012). The renovation of the existing devices can be easily done with the inclusion of cloud environment with minimum cost. Financial Services Review: The follow up of the standard are used for data security to manage the financial security procedures. The analysis of the financial data is measured in terms of government norms. It has been seen that the ethical code of conduct should be deprived in the curriculum of the Aztec organization to improve the financial services by managing good and clear relationship with the banking sector. The customers are provided with the unique banking codes for carrying out effective transaction. The planning of the financial services helps in developing cost effective plan (Chauhan, 2014). The operational policies of the Aztec organization should focuses on deploying insurance service architecture. The budget of the enterprise can be reduced by managing resources availability according to the demand of the user. The capability of the financial sector can be improved with the deployment of cloud software as a service model for effectively managing functions with suppliers, dealers, and customers, and etc. (Dhammeratchi, 2012). The electronic trading services are used for managing the financial services of the Aztec enterprise. The legislation plays an important role in captivating insurance services provided to the financial department with regard to safety, security, integrity, and reliability of the financial processes. It is significantly important for managing rules and regulations associated with the implication of financial market. The legislations which are used for providing financial insurance services to the Aztec organization are categorised as consumer and competition act 2010, law implied for Australian consumers, act passed for corporation 2001, amendment act 2012 for corporations, financial act 2006 passed for counter terrorism and anti-money laundering schemes, and protection act 2010 passed for national consumer. The key legislation which are used for providing efficient financial services for taking authorised decision for business activity, for providing g eneral legislation, legislation used for superannuation policies and standards, and society life insurance. The licence and permits are used for providing insurance to the financial services in the discipline of general ledger, provision developed for providing credit schemes, services related with deposits and custody, and products affiliated to the financial sector of the Aztec organization. The enterprise is moving towards the new and advanced technology for enhancing the advice related to the financial productivity. The financial products can be efficiently taken under consideration with the implication of legislation law in using cloud environment. The market policies of the underlying product changed with the cloud technology for increasing the market ability of the enterprise. It helps in remaining ahead of the competitors in the financial sector by reducing the cost incurred on the resources and other operational functions. The skills of the working employees can be enhanced with the effective management of training and development program for fulfilling the requirement of global demand due to the changing trends of new technology. The owner of the company is working on reducing financial risks associated with the deployment of cloud environment in the traditional working of the company. The financial risks can be reduced by the following procedures: Implication of Goods and service tax: The good and service tax associated with the productivity should be taken under consideration for achieving the accuracy in the optimization of the product. The GST credits can be claimed by the Aztec organization in the later cases. Policies related with reinsurance pool corporation: These policies help in administrating and monitoring of the cyber-terrorism activities which focuses on providing facilities to the primary insurers for resolving the issues related with the insurance policies implied on commercial properties harmed by the cyber-terrorism. The insurance packages used for providing supports to the practitioners of medical market for achieving sustainability of the enterprise. The policies should be developed for financial claims because the decision making capability of the owner can be enhanced by focusing on the potential losses associated with failure of the business operations. The funding activities associated with enterprise helps in levying the charges associated with financial activities. The capability of the financial services helps in improving the productivity of the organization which creates the environment of innovation by providing open platform for exchanging of vision, thoughts, and business advice. The skills and knowledge of the employees should be improved according to the requirement of management policies for cloud environment. The business strategies should be focused on the health and safety requirement for improving the working standards of the employees. The transformation of traditional working structure with the cloud computing infrastructure can affect the legal compliance with government policies. The working employees should be provided with the standard equipment. The insurance is required for providing general liability to provide financial services to the employees at the time of personal injuries. The superannuation liability helps in developing laws for overcoming the breaches. The financial insurance policies are used for providing financ ial covers for theft, resource utilization, and others. The operational policies of the Aztec organization should focuses on deploying insurance service architecture. The budget of the enterprise can be reduced by managing resources availability according to the demand of the user. Security posture Review: It has been seen that the traditional working of the enterprise have older version devices which are placed with the help of wires and cables. USB and CD drives are used for storing the data of the organization. The IT department is working on legacy system with the incorporation of adequate security policies. The InfoSec security model is used for securing the traditional processes and application of the Aztec organization. Now it is recommended that with the changing digital technology, the company has to transform their working to the cloud environment. The cloud environment is capable of resolving all the issues of the company which exist with the continuation of the business application. The renovation of the existing devices can be easily done with the inclusion of cloud environment with minimum cost. The data storage capability of the organization can be improved with the management of data on the cloud using Hadoop file system. The Hadoop file system can efficiently maintains the big data of the enterprise for easy retrieval of information. The most important step is to develop a security architecture for the Aztec organization to overcome the problem of risks and challenges. The services provided to the end user can be made secure by organizing a token system. The implementation of the virtual private network helps in managing services of the cloud environment. The framework of the security model depends on the implementation of the following components: Accumulation of client Secured portal provided to the end user Sign on single level security Configuration of the service management Gateways used for providing secured services Controlling procedure for security model Security management policies and standard Monitoring of cloud services Trust management The following diagram shows the proposed security framework for the Aztec organization The adoption of cloud computing environment helps in dealing with network management, deployment of the operating system and the databases, inclusion of resource scheduling plan, management of the transactional processing, management of the concurrency control, and planning of memory management. The changing of the traditional working style with the new innovative concepts is complied with many risks and challenges which are categorised as security to the infrastructure, performance of the business activities, data availability on demand, difficulty in the integration of in-house activities, customization support is not applicable, more cost incurred than demand, difficulty in managing back up data which can create a big scenario of complexity at the time of system failure, and others. The following graph shows the statistical representation of risks and challenges associated with the transformation of traditional working system with the cloud computing working system. The impact of changing the traditional working with the cloud computing for carrying over business activities are comprised of following security concern which are describe below: Security concern 1: It has been reviewed that the implementation of cloud computing model raises the security concern for physical security associate with the data and information because the technology of cloud computing involves the sharing of resources between different participating units. Security concern 2:The violation of government laws can take place Security concern 3:Incompatibility of the suppliers with the new technology Security concern 4: Focus should be given on the authorised person who is responsible for performing the action of encryption and decryption associated with the working capabilities of the organization (Zhao, 2015). Security concern 5: The methodology responsible for performing actions related with data integrity, data transfer, data retrieval, and data storage. The authorised transaction should be ensured for managing the integrity of the data. Security concern 6: The follow up of the standard used for data security to manage the financial security procedures (Greenwood, 2014). Security concern 7: The updated information should be provided for upgrading the traditional applications according requirement of cloud computing environment. Security concern 8: The analysis of the financial data to be measured in terms of government norms. Security concern 9: The fluidity of the virtual machine should be taken into consideration for maintaining the security consistency (Garg, 2013). Security concern 10: The violation of the private rights should be taken under consideration for managing the services provided by the cloud. The management of risks is the basic criteria for managing the cloud computing activities. The analysis of the security should be done with the help of qualitative and quantitative research methodology. The research methodology was designed to analyse the risks associated with the migration to cloud computing environment. Questionnaire: The arrangement of questionnaire with the top executives of the enterprise helps in generating ideas, opinions, thoughts, and vision in adopting new technology for increasing the efficiency of the business operation. We analysed that the top executives are satisfied with the services provided by the cloud computing environment than the traditional way of working. The questions are organized to analyse the benefits of cloud computing environment and the security concern associated with the migration of traditional platform. Data collection techniques: The data are collected from different sources to evaluate the measurement of strategic decision to transform their working tactics. It has been analysed that the cloud computing environment play a vital role in overcoming the flaws of the traditional system. Literature review: The documentation of the organization which are enrolling on the principles of cloud computing should be reviewed to analyse the actual situation and benefits and risks associated with this working platform. Threats vulnerabilities and consequences assessment: The migration process is equipped with threats and vulnerabilities because the implementation of the new architecture involves the change management program of the traditional working architecture (Samad, 2014). The migration towards the adoption of cloud is equipped with some major threats which are classified as insecurity associated with the application programming interfaces, inclusion of malicious and virus attacks, vulnerabilities associated with the shared technologies, data leakages, hijacking of user account, and inclusion of risk profile. The Aztec organization is recommended to consider some of the major potential risks which are assimilated with the inclusion of cloud architecture in the working curriculum of the enterprise. The implementation of the interoperable operation issues related with the deployment of the communication network between participating units. The compatibility of managing the cloud devices is the major concern area in the deployment of cloud architecture. It is difficult to port all the application on the cloud environment. The portability of the application should be taken into consideration (Bhopale, 2013). Migration to the cloud environment involves changes in the new environment required the setting of goal, funding sources, required skilled staff, and others. The financial management of required resources involves the estimation of cost required to purchase resources. The failure of estimation can affect the budget of the organization. Organization of service level agreement involves clear specification of goals, mission, and services provided by the cloud providers. It helps in specifying the distribution of roles and responsibilities between the customers and stakeholders. It is difficult to prepare the metric for the deliverables of the project in the initial phases of the migration of activities to the cloud environment. The failure of service level agreement can affect the working operation of the enterprise. The encryption and decryption of files can affect the confidentiality of the information stored on the third party cloud environment. Failure of managing backups can result into the development of big complex scenario at the time of network failure. The expectation of high skilled employees can be failure in determining right person for the right job. It leads to inefficiency in the completion of business activities. It is difficult in tracking of the potential risks associated with the projects because the migration to the cloud environment changes the risks associated with the project. Threats associated with the migration of business activities to the platform of cloud computing architecture It is difficult to estimate the cost associated with the flow of data transfer. It is not guaranteed that the services level agreement determinants will be completely fulfilled or not (Kushwah, 2013). Risks identification and assessment matrix: Identification of risks Explanation Consequences Theft of data associated with cloud services The unauthenticated person can access the data from the internet Physical security of the cloud infrastructure get affected Inclusion of DOS attack The supply and demand of the resources is not met Adverse impact on cloud network Scheduling the history of resources used XML signatures are used getting unauthorised accessing of data from the cloud etwork Attack of viruses and malware Leaking of confidential information of the user login Data leakages The change in behaviour of the cloud services The infrastructure of the cloud is get affected The implementation of the virtual system Data loss Cloud physical infrastructure Resources used Process of memory sharing Resources are leaked on the external environment Cloud physical infrastructure User credentials are leaked Direct attack of malware and viruses Adverse effect of phishing process Accessing of user credentials Cloud network and cloud physical infrastructure Installation of the malicious codes and viruses Change in the behaviour of cloud services Unavailability of the information to the requested client Installation of the botnets Unauthorised accessing of the cloud resource from the external parties Cloud network and cloud physical infrastructure Changing behaviour of the cloud services Hacking of confidential and private data Stenography Attack Unauthorised accessing of the cloud resource from the external parties (Marston, 2011) Changing behaviour of the cloud services The information stored on the user account get deleted Data loss Virtual System Rollback Inclusion of brute force attack Unauthorised accessing of the cloud resource from the external parties Cloud network and cloud physical infrastructure Changes in security policies The risks associated with the transfer of security policies associated with the traditional infrastructure Interface used for developing cloud applications Accessing of services on demand The resources are not available for use at the time of demand placed Inefficiency in the planning processes Technical risks The technical risks are not available for use at the time of demand placed The technical risks associated with the free flow sharing of resources Techniques used for interpreting the data Data interpretation for decrypting the associated data Resource scalability Distributed denial of service attack Inefficiency in providing cloud services Physical infrastructure of the cloud Risks associated with the legal process The transformation of traditional working structure with the cloud computing infrastructure can affect the legal compliance with government policies Physical infrastructure of the cloud Inefficiency of the planning process The transformation of traditional working structure with the cloud computing infrastructure can affect the legal compliance with government policies (Kaisler, 2012) Physical infrastructure of the cloud Government security policies are not properly managed The consideration is not given to the government policies may result into inefficiency in government compliance Providers of the cloud services Risks associated with the lock in platforms Data leakages due to the sharing of information (Jayachandran, 2013) Confidentiality, accuracy, and integrity of the information get lost No isolation in the multi-tenancy platform Mismanagement in the isolation of multi-tenancy platform Cloud network Data protection and security Data leakages due to the sharing of information Confidentiality, accuracy, and integrity of the information get lost Internet connectivity portfolio Inefficiency in managing many devices on the same cloud Failure f connectivity Estimating occurrence of risks It is difficult in estimating the risks before its occurrence Cloud services are unavailable Inadequacy in controlling of cloud services Cloud services Inadequacy in the management of internal risks security program Inefficiency in controlling internal processing Internal cloud infrastructure Inadequacy in the management of External risks security program Inefficiency in controlling external processing External cloud infrastructure Threats associated with the differential analysis The arrival of the new threats can deform the security code of the traditional environment Repudiation attack It can affect the validity of the messages send by the sender Man in the middle attack It can affect the communication channel placed between the participating units. Data security: It has been seen that availability and reliability of the application can be increased with the deployment of the application on the cloud. It is difficult to manage the availability of the resources according to the rising demand of the different applications. The security and privacy are the two major issues associated with the cloud computing environment due to the open sharing of the resources and the information. It has been seen that the third party is capable of performing critical operations. The data lock in problem associated with the deployment of activities on the cloud platform. The government compliance procedures should be used for managing the integrity of the legal document. It has been reviewed that the implementation of cloud computing model raises the security concern for physical security associate with the data and information because the technology of cloud computing involves the sharing of resources between different participating units. The contractor should focus on achieving all the activities and requirement mentioned in the service level agreement. The traditional architecture should be integrated with the new system for managing component level services deployed by the cloud supporting applications. The strategic decision should be taken for managing the availability of the resources approved by the vendor (Murray, 2013). The private cloud environment is used for deploying the business activities of the Aztec enterprise. The inclusion of processes is used for providing privacy and security to the data. It is comprised of four phases which are categorised as pre-virtualization, virtualization, standardization, and automation phase. The pre-virtualization phase is used for developing strategies to increase the efficiency for the effective utilization of the resources. The phase of virtualization is working on managing virtual machine pool on the server. The public key infrastructure is used for managing cryptographic procedures for securing the confidentiality, integrity, and accuracy of the information. The optimization of the resources can helps in developing the cost effective techniques for the enterprise. The availability of the cloud environment helps in developing the resilience network to simplify the operational activities to enhance the cloud infrastructure. The phase of standardization is use d for leveraging the diversification of information and application which are deployed on the cloud environment. The phase of automation is used for providing resources to the end user on their demand which helps in improving the working capability of business activities. The following diagram shows the implementation of the four processes to deploy the private cloud environment: The traditional platform of security infrastructure deployed in the Aztec enterprise required to enhance security the following areas which are classified as: Data storage security: The security architecture of the Aztec enterprise can be enhanced with the use of verification code. The proposed security architecture helps in providing security to the dynamic interchange of the data. Validity to the user credential: The authentication and authorisation should be given to the user by validating the credentials of the user by using the verification procedures. Interoperability: The security procedures should be used for managing the data loss occurred due to the occurrence of interoperable operations between the participating units. Recommendation: It is recommended that the Aztec organization should migrate their business processes to cloud computing environment. It is required for the enterprise to develop risk quantification for securing the project from the occurrence of project vulnerabilities. The security of the Aztec organization depends upon resources security for the efficient working of the business processes. The access control mechanism should be used for managing the procedures of resources to be utilized in the effective manner. The provision should be used for deploying the application on the cloud environment (Betcher, 2010). The governance compliance procedures should be used for auditing the vulnerabilities and threats associated with the deployment of procedures and activities. The verification and validation procedures are used for testing the cloud activities which are performed on the cloud environment. It is required for the organization to deploy the security architecture which is given below: It is recommended for the Aztec organization to deploy the risks mitigation plan in the working curriculum of the enterprise to improve the performance and enhance the business operation. The security procedure plan should be deployed according to the requirement of cloud computing environment. The risks mitigation plan is used for controlling the security architecture of the enterprise (Murray, 2013). The functional unit of the business should be verified and validated at each phase of the business plan. The two based authentication is the recommended protocol which should be used for providing authentication for accessing of the required information from the cloud. The public key infrastructure is used for managing cryptographic procedures for securing the confidentiality, integrity, and accuracy of the information. The processes are effectively managed with the help of auditing procedures and authenticated policies (Oredo, 2014). Conclusion: It is concluded that the private cloud environment is used for deploying the business activities of the Aztec enterprise. The adoption of cloud computing platform increases the risks associated with the traditional physical infrastructure. The security of the Aztec organization depends upon resources security for the efficient working of the business processes. The access control mechanism should be used for managing the procedures of resources to be utilized in the effective manner. The security procedures should be used for managing the data loss occurred due to the occurrence of interoperable operations between the participating units. References: Betcher, T. (2010). Cloud computing: IT related risks. Retrieved from https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/10207/Betcher-2010.pdf Bhopale, S. (2013). Cloud Migration Benefits and its challenges issues. Retrieved from https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jce/papers/sicete-volume1/8.pdf Samad, S. (2014). Mitigating risks in the cloud. Retrieved from https://webobjects.cdw.com/webobjects/media/pdf/Solutions/Cloud-Computing/151383-Mitigating-Risk-in-the-Cloud.pdf Chauhan, M. (2014). Towards process support for migrating application to cloud computing. Retrieved from https://pure.itu.dk/ws/files/78453849/PID2535147.pdf Dhammeratchi, D. (2012). Reinventing business with cloud computing. Retrieved from https://www-01.ibm.com/events/wwe/grp/grp033.nsf/vLookupPDFs/CWHK_Cloud_User_Guide_IBM_May_2012/$file/CWHK_Cloud_User_Guide_IBM_May_2012.pdf Garg, A. (2013). Cloud computing for the financial services industry. Retrieved from https://www.sapient.com/content/dam/sapient/sapientglobalmarkets/pdf/thought-leadership/GM_Cloud_Computing.pdf Greenwood, D. (2014). Cloud migration: A case study of migrating an enterprise IT system to IAAS. Retrieved from https://www.aspiresys.com/WhitePapers/Cloud-Migration-Methodology.pdf Hogmen, G. (2012). Benefits, risks, and recommendation for information security. Retrieved from https://resilience.enisa.europa.eu/cloud-security-and-resilience/publications/cloud-computing-benefits-risks-and-recommendations-for-information-security Jayachandran, J. (2013). Cloud migration methodology. Retrieved from https://www.aspiresys.com/WhitePapers/Cloud-Migration-Methodology.pdf Kaisler, S. (2012). A decision framework for cloud computing. Retrieved from https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/hicss/2012/4525/00/4525b553.pdf Kushwah, V. (2013). A security approach for data migration in cloud computing. Retrieved from https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jce/papers/sicete-volume1/8.pdf Marston, S. (2011). Cloud computing the business perspective. Retrieved from https://www.keencomputer.com/images/KEENCOMP/CLOUD/cloud-computing-business-perspective.pdf Murray, P. (2013). Common risks of using business apps in the cloud. Retrieved from https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/using-cloud-apps-for-business.pdf Oredo, J. (2014). Challenges of cloud computing in business. Retrieved from https://www.ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_5_No_3_March_2014/18.pdf Patron, C. (2012). Cloud computing: Transforming IT and business. Retrieved from https://www-01.ibm.com/events/wwe/grp/grp033.nsf/vLookupPDFs/CWHK_Cloud_User_Guide_IBM_May_2012/$file/CWHK_Cloud_User_Guide_IBM_May_2012.pdf Zhao, J. (2015). Strategies and methods for cloud migration, International Journal of automation and computing, Vol. 11. No (2.)

The Fate Of King Oedipus Essay Research free essay sample

The Fate Of King Oedipus Essay, Research Paper Jeremy Todd English 122 4/5/97 The Fate of King Oedipus In # 8220 ; King Oedipus # 8221 ; there comes a point in the drama where Oedipus learns something that plays an of import function throughout the drama. He learns from a prophet that he will finally kill his ain Father and slumber with his ain female parent. As one could conceive of this is a daze to Oedipus, and he does non believe the prophet. However, he can non command any of this from go oning because it is his destiny. He is a victim of fortunes beyond his control. Oedipus has no control on the result of what happens in his life because his life had already been planned by the Grecian Gods. Throughout the whole drama there are mentions made to many of the ancient Greek Gods, for illustration, Apollo, Zeus, Dionysis, and Artemis are discussed rather frequently. In ancient Greece the people believed that if anything happened one of the God # 8217 ; s had a ground for it. Each God was related to one specific thing like Poseidon being the God of the sea. They thought that if there was a tidal moving ridge or a hurricane it was because Poseidon was angry at them. This is the footing for my premise that Oedipus had no control over his destiny. First of wholly, when Oedipus is merely a babe his male parent, King Laius of Thebes, is told in an prophet that his ain boy will kill him. So, with the understanding of his married woman, Jocasta, the babe # 8217 ; s pess are pinioned, and it # 8217 ; s given to a slave who is supposed to go forth it to decease on Mt. Cithaeron. However, the slave feels sorry for the babe, and gives it to a fellow shepherd from Corinth. The shepherd from Corinth presented the babe to the childless King of Corinth, who is Polybus, and he brings him up as his ain. He gives him the name Oedipus, which means conceited pes, because of his malformation. This shows how the God # 8217 ; s had already intended for his life to be. He had no manner to command what his parents did to him after he was born. Then, 18 old ages subsequently, he leaves Corinth for Delphi, to look into on his parenthood at the prophet of Apollo. The prophet, though, gives him a horrific anticipation. Which is that he will kill his male parent and slumber with his female parent, which are the two most impossible offense in a Grecian household. After hearing this he flees Corinth and caputs toward Thebes believing to of left his male parent behind in instance the prophet was right. However, the God Apollo has slightly tricked him. Since he believes that his existent male parent is Polybus, but he does non yet know that his male parent is the King of Thebes, which is where he is traveling. Along the manner he meets an old adult male driving a waggon of slaves at a topographic point where three roads run into, and he so precedes to kill him. Old ages pass after this incident, during which clip he becomes King of Thebes, marries Jocasta ( his female parent ) , and male parents four kids by her. Slowly, Thebes becomes engulfed by a hideous pestilence, which kills animate beings, kids, and harvests. Oedipus, being the brave male monarch he is, promises to salvage his metropolis. Since pestilences are caused by pollution, and the pollution is caused by sins the Gods are the lone one # 8217 ; s who can uncover it # 8217 ; s cause. Oedipus sends his brother-in-law, Creon, to see the prophet at Delphi once more, and the God # 8217 ; s answer is that the pestilence was caused due to an unpunished liquidator. That being the liquidator of Laius. He so places a awful expletive on the liquidator whomever it is, and so looks for aid from Teiresias, the respected prophesier. She tells him that he is the slayer, and she hints at even worse offenses. Oedipus is enraged at what she tells him, and thinks that Teiresias and Creon have made this up to dethrone him. Teiresias departs with menaces of her life while Creon implore his artlessness. Oedipus does non believe him, and would hold had him executed if non for Jocasta. After hearing that the statement was the consequence of what an prophet had told them she reassures Oedipus by stating that what the prophets say is bunk. She so tells a narrative of how her and Laius were told by one that their boy would kill his male parent. She so tells him how the male parent was killed by robbers at a topographic point where three roads meet. Then Oedipus remembers that he killed a adult male at a topographic point like this and admirations if it was Laius. He realizes that this would do him the cursed liquidator who is to fault for the pestilence of Thebes. Jocasta pleads with Oedipus that a informant said it was stealers, and that it could non hold been him. Oedipus wants this informant to be found so that his frights can be laid to rest. During this clip a courier arrives to state Oedipus that his male parent, the King of Corinth, has died and that he is now the King of Corinth every bit good. Oedipus is saddened by this event, but tells the courier that he can non return to Corinth while his female parent is still alive. Then the courier attempts to assist himself out by stating Oedipus that she was non truly his female parent, nor was Polybus his male parent. He so explains to them that Oedipus was given to him by a shepherd from Thebes. Jocasta so realizes that Oedipus is genuinely her boy and rushes off. Meanwhile Oedipus believes that she is embarrassed that her hubby might hold been an unwanted kid, and possibly he was the boy of a slave. At last the Theban shepherd arrives, and this is dry because turned out to be the adult male who was the informant to the slaying of Laius. The shepherd is loath to state Oedipus anything. Not until after a menace of anguish does he state Oedipus that the babe was given to him by Jocasta to be killed, and that he passed it on to the Corinthian out of commiseration. Oedipus now cognizing the truth hastes to happen Jocasta, but unfortunately, it was to late. She had already hanged herself. Oedipus so takes the shoulder pins from her frock and gouges his eyes out with them blinding himself. From this bad luck Creon becomes King, and after leting Oedipus to state adieu to his girls, orders him into the house, to expect disposal at the God # 8217 ; s pleasance. As Oedipus enter the house he is continually stating that he should be left to decease on Mt. Cithaeron merely as the Gods intended for him to. As one can see, the God # 8217 ; s played with the lives and emotions of all the characters in the drama. While making so Oedipus could in no manner command his ain destiny. The God # 8217 ; s mislead him, and did non let him to maintain from his fate. Oedipus was so a victim. A victim of fortunes beyond his control, and it merely goes to demo that it is impossible for person to get away their ain destiny. 337

Max Steel advert Essays

Max Steel advert Essays Max Steel advert Essay Max Steel advert Essay The focus in both adverts stays sharp throughout usually. In the Nancy advert when the doll is shown with the girls face the camera slowly focuses out to give the girls face a more beautiful complexion with blemish free skin. This could possibly make the child think thats what they will look like if they possess this product. Since the boys advert seems to have more of a narrative towards it the dialogue is slightly different in comparison with the girls advert. As in the boys advert the dialogue is presented by a deep gruff male voice and reads out a type of story towards the child which repeatedly puts out the products name towards the audience (possibly so the child remembers the name of the toy and tells their parents who are the more likely party to purchase the product). In girls adverts the dialogue does not really tell us a story rather than it gives the idea that this is a how young girl should act. It is presented in a very typical feminine voice, sometimes to the backing of a quiet thumping beat. The sound effects in the girls advert are diegetic and not many that are shown are non-diegetic for example the sound track or voice over. Some of the sounds included in the girls advert are related to the product for example, the school bell and children laughing. This gives the toy a more realistic feel to it. An opposite to this is in the boys advert, the sounds are still diegetic but are much more emphasised and action packed, for example in the Max Steel advert the sounds used are explosions and missiles been fired. A similarity between the two is that they both have background music but the difference in the two is that the Nancy advert has a more piano effect giving a form of femininity whilst the boys advert is more forte and giving a faster pace effect that people relate to masculinity. The lighting in Max Steel is a three point lighting in a fill light to knock out the shadows, possibly so that the audience isnt distracted by the shadows which could be quite distracting as the product is constantly moving in the advert. This would be a downfall, as the audience may not remember information about the product. In the Nancy advert the lighting has been put in a back light to define and enhance the product making it more appealing to the audience as the toy is the only object in the advert. The differences in the camera movement of the two adverts isnt that vast as both use a pan effect especially in the girls advert as the camera pans around the product about 180 degrees. This defines the object where as in the boys advert the camera stays fixed on the object but moves as the product moves. The camera shots in both adverts are also very similar as both stay in a long shot giving definition on the product, this is more appealing to the audience. In conclusion I find that there is a difference between boys and girls adverts that is apparent to us as an older audience but to a younger audience aged between eight and nine years they would just see it as a window into a new way of playing. The restrictions of price cost arent comprehensible to them. There is a line that splits boys adverts from girls adverts that we as an older audience can tell by sound definition whether an advert is for boys or girls without even needing a visual aid.

The My Lai Massacre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The My Lai Massacre - Essay Example In the end people, departments and institutions flew blame from right, left and center with just a handful of people bearing the burden of prosecution despite it being quite clear that many more had been involved. The power structure at the time actually did well to evade harm from the incident not considering that it was the source of the main problem that not only architected the massacre but also tried to sugar coat it in the name of a bigger and justified war in Vietnam that was supposedly being pursued to protect American interests abroad. According to Olson and Roberts, a few days before the My Lai massacre, there were increasing number of heavy losses and casualties on the side of American soldiers (13). These were caused by snipers, booby traps and mines. SGT George Cox is one of the notable soldiers who died from a booby trap while on patrol just two days before the massacre. Those who died or suffered injuries were mostly on patrol and most of these happened near My Lai ham let. These incidents had slowly undermined American forces’ strength and ability to neutralize the Vietcong operating mainly from My Lai hamlet. These Vietcong units had managed to remain intact owing to their continuous execution of small-scale operations (14). The massacre itself took four hours where more than 400 civilians were killed by American forces from 0730hrs. The operation in My Lai hamlet started by aimless shooting around the selected soldiers landing spot and it went on for about three minutes. This was done not to kill anyone in particular but to disburse any enemy within that proximity so as to ease the access towards the hamlet. This however resulted to widespread panic from those inhabiting the hamlet that morning. Soldiers for the next 30 minutes edged towards the hamlet loaded mainly with pistols and M-16s on full automatic. The soldiers split up at around 0800hrs and begun a thorough search for Vietcong and their weaponry. In this instance lack of coordi nation started and resulted in haphazard turn of events. Frustration creped in and soldiers started shooting at anything that moved. â€Å"Soldiers shot old men sitting outside their homes, women carrying water, children searching for places to hide. †¦women were raped at gunpoint†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (22). 1LT Calley is a notable figure and was to blame for a great deal that happened that morning. However, Charlie Company herded Vietnamese in order to guard them and not to kill. Calley testified to have plainly ordered his soldiers to kill the Vietnamese whether armed or otherwise where the latter turned to be the absolute scenario. This resulted in many unarmed civilians grouped up and shot in cold blood while Calley himself was involved in most incidents. At this point an army photographer, Ronald Haeberle was taking all the action as it happened. It is important to note that only a few soldiers in the Charlie Company engaged their arms in the morning slaughter. Another was Hugh T homson Jr. who was a pilot at the time and who tried to intervene and stop a group of soldiers from killing a group of Vietnamese. What had happened all morning was nothing short of a massacre against the people of My Lai. The whole operation resulted to recovery of only three weapons. Reported official figure at that time was the killing of 128 enemies. This immediately followed efforts of cover up starting with Captain Medina. The military was made deeply aware of the incident on 29 March 1969 through a letter by Ronald Ridenhour. This led to deeper investigations which revealed a

Information Technology and Information Systems for Business Essay

Information Technology and Information Systems for Business - Essay Example It also highlights the limitations of this project as well as advantages and disadvantages of implementing this technology in a retail business. Those companies who have already carried out the implementation process of RFID tags into their businesses are taken into account during this report. Conclusion is drawn from the research and recommendations have been made at the end of the report as to whether the company should go for applying RFID tags into their business or not. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether it is feasible for Naisten Pukutehdas to embed RFID tags in the products of all of its stores. This prospect has disadvantages and advantages as well but the pros of this proposal weigh better. It will provide customer satisfaction, a greater, better, newer and easier experience for the customer, optimization of the business, speed benefits to the business and loyal customers. In these challenging and turbulent times, where people find it difficult to risk new technology, this proposal intends to increase the market share of the company as well as to expand the market on cost which is relatively low. The examples of other companies who have successfully gone through this procedure have been discussed and the good and bad of this technology has been discoursed as well. The company of Naisten Pukutehdas started at the end of 1910 when young and vivacious Aino Rosendahl’s ambition of doing a sewing business was put into practice. Since then there has been no looking back. The apparel line includes clothes for young girls and women, ranging from sports, casual dresses, jeans and the famous pants for women and girls. After passing several consequential years, the company just celebrated their 90th anniversary in the spring of 2009. With 11 personal stores in Finland and 2 in St. Petersburg, NA aims to establish Finnish fashion internationally and

Critical Analysis of Organisational Change Development and Management

Critical Analysis of Organisational Change Development and Management INTRODUCTION Sometime in the 5th century BC, Heraclitus of Ephesus philosophised the only constant is change. (http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Heraclitus). All organisations go through change as they develop and evolve, whether to success or to failure. This essay will look at two companies as they go they go through change, planned and unplanned, their approach and the extent to which they succeeded and applying organisation development and change theory to these two case studies. Organisational change is a recurring theme in the study of organisational development there are several factors, internally and externally, that will influence the development of the organisation, initiating a change which may, or may not, lead to success and sustainability. How the change is implemented is essential to its success as it often impacts one, if not all, areas of the organisation. Early change management theorists include: Kurt Lewin (1951). Doug Stace and Dexter Dunphy (2001) identify organisations which they describe as prudent mechanistics, which retain traditional structures, avoid the organisational fashion show, and perform well. (Buchanen, p566). Harold Leavitt (2003) argues that, while rigid beaurocratic structures encourage authoritarianism, distrust, dishonest, territoriality, toadying, and fear, they also provide ways of handling complexity, give us structure and predictability, and offer psychological rewards by fulfilling needs for order and security. It is argued that the study of change is paradoxical (Buchanan, 565) as the reasons for organisational change are many and complex and because change is a process not a static moment in time, hence can be only understood in relation to continuity. Not all change needs to be deep change it can be a fine tuning to an appropriate response. Transformational change of the Australian Defence Force. The companies were chosen because other their organisational similarities. Company A Company B Similarities Large > 20,000 Reactive International Public Sector Strong corporate culture Founded 1921 Large >20,000 Reactive International Public Sector Strong corporate culture Founded 1922 Differences Australia 90s Organisational structure Approach to change England 00s Organisational structure Approach to change Scope: PESTEL Organisational behaviour terrain. Study this at the organisational level. This essay is not going to examine the group or individual level. Australia has maintained military forces since federation as a nation in January 1901. Upon Federation, the Australian Government established the  Australian Army  and Commonwealth Naval Force. In 1909, the Government established the  Royal Australian Navy, which absorbed the Commonwealth Naval Force. The Army established the Australian Flying Corps in 1912 although this separated to form the  Royal Australian Air Force  in 1921. The services were not linked by a single chain of command, as they each reported to their own separate Minister and had separate administrative arrangements. The three services saw action around the world during  World War I  and  World War II. The importance of  joint warfare  was made clear to the Australian Military during World War II when Australian naval, ground and air units frequently served as part of single commands. Following the war, several senior officers lobbied for the appointment of a  commander in chief  of the three services. The government rejected this proposal and the three services remained fully independent.[13]  The absence of a central authority resulted in poor coordination between the services with each service organising and operating on the basis of a different  military doctrine.[14] The need for an integrated command structured received more emphasis during  the Australian militarys experiences in the Vietnam War.[14]  In 1973, the Secretary of the  Department of Defence,  Arthur Tange, submitted a report to the  Government  that recommended the unification of the separate departments supporting each service into a single Department of Defence and the creation of the post of Chief of the Defence Force Staff. The government accepted these recommendations and the Australian Defence Force was established on 9 February 1976.[15] The  British Broadcasting Corporation  (BBC) is the principal  public service broadcaster  in the United Kingdom. It is the largest broadcaster in the world with about 23,000 staff.[1][2][3]  Its global headquarters are located in London, and its main responsibility is to provide  public service broadcasting in the United Kingdom,  Channel Islands  and  Isle of Man. The BBC is an autonomous public service broadcaster[3]  that operates under a  Royal Charter.[4]  Within the United Kingdom its work is funded principally by an annual  television licence fee,[5]  which is charged to all United Kingdom households, companies and organisations using any type of equipment to record and/or receive live television broadcasts;[6]  the level of the fee is set annually by the  British Government  and agreed by  Parliament.[7] he BBC was the worlds first national broadcasting organisation[8]  and was founded on 18 October 1922 as the  British Broadcasting Co mpany Ltd. The original company was founded in 1922[9]  by a group of six telecommunications companies-Marconi, Radio Communication Company,  Metropolitan-Vickers,  General Electric,  Western Electric, and  British Thomson-Houston[10]-to broadcast experimental radio services. The first transmission was on 14 November of that year, from station  2LO, located at Marconi House, London.[11] Outside the UK, the  BBC World Service  has provided services by direct broadcasting and re-transmission contracts by sound radio since the inauguration of the BBC Empire Service in December 1932, and more recently by television and online. Though sharing some of the facilities of the domestic services, particularly for news and current affairs output, the World Service has a separate Managing Director, and its operating costs are funded mainly by direct grants from the UK government. These grants are determined independently of the domestic licence fee. How do organisations change why do they change. How change is implemented, their impact and their success factors? Two organisations will be compared and contrasted against the various theories, their similarities being that they are both large and complex organisations whose purpose is to serve the public. Initition What are the triggers for change? Why did the organisation have to change. Organisational life cycle (Greiner L) Mintzberg types of change possible step change (company 1) Elements of change : Whipp, Rosenfeld and Pellige The Change Kaleidescope Bolgrum, Barly Whitepaper 1986 Organisational behaviour terrain. Types of change planned and unplanned Strategy Safari Punctuated equilibrium Organisational structure Cultural Era Implementation Strategic Elements of change (Whipp) Levels of change Change Kaleidescope Factors faciliting change Levels of change Wilson, D Forces for change, Lewin K (disagree in co1 cas but potentially for co 2) Total quality management nstep process : c1 y c2 elements of Resistance to change bellelan co1 n long terms, c2 yes short-term bursts Managing resistance : Kotter Co1 yes, co2 no The coping cycle Kublar-Rosser co2 yes ; n/a to company 1 Factors facilitating change Yes co1 2 but co2 fainlied in mid-implementation Unless structure follows strategy, inefficiency results. (Chandler 1962: 314) Impact Contingency approaches Dunphy and Stacy : Yes can be applied to both Effectiveness of change strategy The change kaleidoscope (culture leadership) Time Preservation Capability Scope diversity Organisational structure- tie into first part (initiation) Organisational culture- tie into first part (initiation) Efficiency Resistance 5 types of organisational structure : Mintzberg Divisional Form, mechanistic 1982 : Peters and Waterman in search of excellence Mckinney 7 steps Elements of change context : Economic Political ? Organisational effiveness/ development maturity? Transformational Political and economic forces Restructure of organisation Culture Organisational design IT communciation Conclusion: Bluprint for change One must consider the culture re: effectiveness and how deep it is to go Contigiency Approach Lawrence and lorsh structure depends on factors from the environment. Contingencey Theories : imprecise specification of factors such as environment Ashridge leadership and management BPR radical decentralisation BBC petal. The management of innovation burns stalk mechanistic Æ’Â   organic The Australian Defence Organisation (ADO) has an enduring strategic priority is to keep Australia and the Australian people safe from attack or the threat of attack, and from economic or political coercion. To meet this requirement, the Defence Department employs a full time workforce of over 92,000 personnel consisting of both uniformed Australian Defence Force (ADF) members and civilian Australian Public Service (APS) personnel. The Defence Environmental Scan 2025, identified that the Defence Organisations workforce consists of an ADF with 50,600 full time members and 20,600 Defence Public Servants. In addition, the ADF has 21,000 Active Reserve members.2 2. As a whole, the Defence workforce is responsible for delivering the range of defence outcomes required by Government. While the military and civilian components of the Defence Organisation are required to contribute collectively to the achievement of these Government objectives, the management of the Defence workforce is currently stovepiped along ADF and APS lines, with limited consideration of the workforce as a total resource. Scope. This essay will examine the theories current Defence workforce structure across the ADF and APS. It will consider the potential disadvantages of the current stovepiped separation of ADF and APS personnel management, and examine the merits of moving towards an integrated and total Defence workforce. It will explore the potential benefits of increasing the number of contested positions available to ADF and APS members, particularly in middle and senior management. ONE DEPARTMENT TWO WORKFORCE COMPONENTS Experience and Opportunity 7. The Department of Defence is consistently praised for its success in the planning and conduct of military operations, while also being criticised for failings in its corporate and strategic management. This somewhat paradoxical situation is in part a result of the Defence Departments personnel management processes, where on one hand significant effort and resources are applied to ensure that ADF personnel are adequately educated, trained and prepared for roles they are likely to undertake within the Defence Organisation, while within the APS, individuals are expected to undertake any task without subject matter expertise or professional qualification.6 8. The structured and formalised ADF approach underpins a culture where the importance of experience and professional development are valued and built into career pathways. The APS personnel management approach is not supported by the appropriate personnel structures or management mechanisms required to enable this development. While ADF senior commanders understand and expect ADF personnel to be released from mainstream responsibilities at certain times during their career to meet professional development milestones, the APS management framework does not offer senior managers this flexibility. The APS workforce structure provides limited ability to backfill APS staff undertaking formalised professional development and as such, it is very difficult for senior APS managers to release personnel for extended periods professional development and education. 9. The lack of opportunities for professional development in the APS is compounded by the relative inexperience of the APS workforce when compared to their ADF counterparts. This inexperience has been exacerbated by the accelerated promotion of individuals in recent years as a byà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ product of the rapid growth in civilian numbers.7 A comparison of the relative experience levels of senior and middle management in the Defence Organisation shows that 27 %of all APS Senior Executive Service (SES) staff are under the age of 45 and 26 %of Executive Level 2 (EL 2) staff are below the age of 40.8 For ADF members, the minimum period of commissioned service for promotion to one star rank is approximately 23 years, with a minimum of 20 years service required before being eligible for promotion to colonel equivalent rank. The accelerated progression to middle and senior management in the APS limits the time and opportunity for staff to pursue professional development and education for civilian personnel is very much an exception rather than a rule. A TOTAL AND INTEGRATED WORKFORCE Workforce Integration 11. The Chief of the Defence Force and Secretary are currently focussed on moving the Defence Departments people management in a more strategic direction so we [Defence] can better recruit and retain the talent we need to meet the security challenges of the future.11 To meet these challenges, the Defence Department will require a people management framework that draws together the capabilities of the current personnel resources available to the Department more effectively. Key to this approach is breaking down the culture of stovepiped management of ADF and APS personnel. A move to a more integrated workforce management framework, that selects the most experienced and qualified candidate from across the Defence Organisation for particular appointments, would provide significant benefits to the Department. 12. While acknowledging that certain areas of the Defence business requires a degree of specialisation, particularly in the ADF for the planning and conduct of operations and the APS in the delivery of specialist services, there is a great deal of scope for a more integrated approach to personnel management across large sectors of the Department. This is particularly the case across middle and senior management within the Department at the EL 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ lieutenant colonel (05) equivalent level and above, where the requirement for specialisation is often not as important as a sound knowledge of the broader functioning of Defence. 14. In relation to the ADF, an integrated workforce would significantly improve the capacity of the Defence Organisation to better leverage the experience and skills of ADF members. ADF members detailed knowledge and skills gained through experience in a variety of operational and nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ operational appointments, and structured professional development, can be applied in a range of areas within Defence. For ADF members, an integrated approach would provide increased career opportunities for the large majority of ADF officers who currently find themselves with limited options midà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ career. Achieving Improved Effectiveness and Efficiency 15. An integrated personnel management framework and the corresponding improvement in experience and professional development across middle management within the Department would provide considerable scope and opportunity for senior management to consider delegating additional responsibility to a more capable middle management group. This would assist in focussing the decision space of senior management on the strategic direction of the Defence Organisation as opposed to the more routine issues currently consuming their limited time. The empowerment of middle management would also provide increased job satisfaction, leading to improved productivity and retention. This is a significant benefit in an environment where the Defence Organisation is aggressively competing to recruit and retain the best. 16. The introduction of an integrated workforce will require cultural change within both the ADF and APS. There will need to be an acceptance that the lines of accountability for personnel issues to the Secretary for APS members and CDF for ADF personnel will become less clear. The personnel management framework will need to move away from a differing model for the APS and ADF to a more integrated management system, particularly in the area of middle and senior management. The recent appointment of a human resource management professional into the role of Deputy Secretary People Strategies and Policy, provides a real opportunity to realign personnel management across Defence. 17. To assist in this process, a review of all middle and senior management positions from EL 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 05 equivalent and above is required. The review should focus on identifying which positions are suitable to be classified as contestable between APS and ADF members. With an understanding of the nature and scale of these contestable positions, an overarching management structure that incorporates both APS and ADF senior and middle managers can be developed. This overarching approach requires Defence senior and middle management personnel to be centrally managed to best meet Defenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ wide requirements. For this approach to be successful, the Departments personnel numbers would need to be managed in a more flexible manner, with a move away from separate ADF and APS caps, towards an overarching cap on total Defence employees. 18. There are many examples within industry and other Government agencies where personnel with diverse skills and backgrounds are managed as a total resource. Studies of these approaches would be of benefit when developing a revised framework for the Defence Organisation. The Australian Federal Police (AFP) has addressed these issues very effectively and achieved a wellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ integrated workforce incorporating both sworn and unsworn officers. Defence should consider using the AFP experience as a case study on how to integrate differing elements into a total workforce. CONCLUSION (Substantial conclusions are drawn about the implications of the analysis for theory and practice) 19. The Defence Department can no longer afford a stovepiped approach to workforce management and must move towards greater integration between the ADF and APS components where the total personnel resources of the Department can be applied to achieve best affect. A move to a more integrated workforce, particularly in the areas of middle and senior management would have significant benefits for the individual APS and ADF members and the Department as a whole. It would provide opportunities to build mechanisms and flexibility into APS personnel management to enable increased professional development and enhanced experience levels. This will improve the job satisfaction and overall employability of APS members both within the Defence Department and the wider APS. For ADF members, greater workforce integration will provide improved career opportunities for the majority of experienced and qualified personnel who, under the current construct have limited career options once they reach the mid career point. This will have significant benefit for ADF retention. 20. A more integrated workforce would provide a framework that ensures the most qualified and experienced personnel from across the entire Department are identified for appointments at the middle and senior management level. Increased integrated can only improve overall workforce effectiveness and efficiency as the Defence Organisation confronts the complex security challenges of the future. RECOMMENDATIONS (Detailed, relevant and considered recommendations for practice are offered).In developing a total and integrated Defence workforce the following is recommended: TQM-What Is It?   If you are reading this book, it is likely that you already know what we mean when we use the term Total Quality Management. Still, its a good idea to define the term, and provide a brief overview.   Certainly TQM can be defined in a number of ways, and the details of different approaches can vary somewhat. However, a good starting definition, drawn from Capezio Morehouse is:   Total Quality management refers to a management process and set of disciplines that are coordinated to ensure that the organization consistently meets and exceeds customer requirements. TQM engages all divisions, departments and levels of the organization. Top management organizes all of its strategy and operations around customer needs and develops a culture with high employee participation. TQM companies are focused on the systematic management of data of all processes and practices to eliminate waste and pursue continuous improvement.    Perhaps a better way of understanding TQM is to compare a TQM organization with what we might call a traditional organizations. tets look at a number of differences.   1. Customer-Driven vs. Company-Driven   Traditional organizations tend to make their decisions based on what is most convenient for them, rather than what is wanted and expected by their customers. Being customer-based means gatf7ering information from customers/clients and modifying services and processes to meet those needs as well as possible. In government, this is not always easy, due to the conflicting responsibilities of a department, and the multiple customers/stakeholders involved in government situations. However, in many cases moving to a customer-driven organization can yield many positive results for government departments.   2. Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation   Traditional organizations tend to think and plan with respect to short term outcomes, white TQM organizations tend to think in much larger time spans. A typical example might be that a TQM organization would look at downsizing as having effects over a decade or two, while a traditional organization would look only at the immediate budgetary issues, letting future chips fall where they may.   Also, successful TQM organizations make a long term commitment to the principles of TQM, rather than looking at TQM as a program; something with a beginning and end. This means patience.     3. Data-Driven vs. Opinion-Driven   Traditional organizations tend to be managed by gut feel, or by opinion. They guess at what their customers want, and guess at the costs of waste, etc. TQM organizations base their decisions on data they collect; on customer needs, on waste, on costs, and on the sources of problems. While judgment is always involved in any decision, TQM organizations begin with the data, not with the solution.   4. Elimination of Waste vs. Tolerance of Waste   Most organizations operate with a high degree of waste and inefficiency. Traditional organizations consider waste, whether it be in time, materials, etc, as a normal part of their operation. TQM organizations are very active in identifying wasteful activities, and eliminating them.   5. Continuous Improvement vs, Fire Fighting   Traditional organizations tend to address problems with the way they do things only when there is a major problem or crisis. The watchword in traditional organizations is: if it aint broke, dont fix it, except that often it IS broke, but nobody is paying any attention .   TQM organizations are always looking for improvement, and are constantly engaged in problem-solving to make things better.   6. Prevention vs, Inspection   Traditional organizations tend to fix problems after the fact. Rather than trying to prevent problems, they catch them after the fact, which is very costly. TQM organizations work to prevent problems and errors, rather than simply fixing them.   7. Cross-Function Teams vs. Fortressed Departments   Traditional organizations tend to have sub-units that work autonomously and with little communication or involvement with other units. For example, personnel may have only limited interaction with other departments. Or, on a local level, administrative staff may have little communication with other staff in a government branch, and have a different reporting structure.   In TQM organizations, there is more use of cross-functional teams; teams convened for a particular purpose or purposes, with representation from a number of units or levels in the organization. The use of cross-functional teams means that input is gained from parts of the organization that need to be involved.   8. High Employee Participation vs. Top-Down Hierarchy   Traditional organizations tend to have very restricted communication and decision- making patterns. Employees are told what to do, rather than being inctuded in figuring out what to do. Information tends to flow from top to bottom.   In TQM organizations, employees are much more actively involved in both the decision-making and communication processes. Information flows both top to bottom and bottom to top. For that matter, information also flows sideways.   9. Problem-Solving vs, Blame   Traditional organizations tend to look to affix blame for things that go wrong. TQM organizations attack the problems in their organizations rather than the people. They fix things.   10. Systems Thinking Vs. Isolation   Traditiona~ organizations tend to see the parts and processes of their organization as single things, unretated to other part of the organization. TQM organizations tend to recognize that most often, probtems arise as a result of multiple causes, and that sub- units are interdependent. TQM organizations tend to see problems as a result of the entire system.   11. Leadership vs. Management   Traditional organizations tend to see people as objects to be managed; told what to do, disciplined, tracked, etc. TQM organizations exhibit more confidence in staff and more trust, and expect MORE from them, not less.   Thats a good starting point. There are probably a number of other comparisons to be made, but that gives us some common ground for discussion.   The Three Quality Gurus   While TQM may seem to be a new development to many, it has been around since the 1940s. One of the reasons why TQM seems to be the newest fad was that it was not embraced by North Americans, but it did find a home in post-WWII Japan.   The most well-known advocate of TQM was W. Edwards Deming, a statistician who, while largely ignored in North America, was actively involved in the 40 in the rebuilding of Japan. Deming passed away recently, and was in his 90s.   Two other gurus are Philip Crosby and Joseph Juran. Both are a bit younger than Deming, but have been influential in the field. It is worthy of note that the three gurus do not always agree, probably due to differences in terms of what each thinks is important, rather than in basic principles.   For those interested in learning more about TQM, it might be a good idea to read material from each of these experts.   TQM As Organizational Change Overview Moving to TQM is like any other organizational change. It must be managed effectively, and leaders of the change must take into account aspects of the organizations current culture. In fact, although TQM brings a number of benefits to those in the organization, you can expect some people to be cynical and resistant to change. Lets face it. Everyone in government has seen management fads come and go. Thankfully, a well managed TQM organizational change is likely to bring most if not all people on side over time. Organizational Change Principles 1) Time Any change (and its attached benefits) will take longer to realize than you expect. Typically, it may take as long as two or three years to have TQM working at its peak. 2 Resistance Regardless of the objective nature of the change, some (even many) people will resist it because it is unfamiliar. TQM must be introduced so that it maximizes peoples enthusiasm and minimizes resistance. 3. Leadership Any change will succeed or fail based on the ability of the change leaders to lead. People will take their cues about TQM from the management. If management show that they are committed, employees will become so. If management waffles, hedges, and backs off, then employees will see this as just more rhetoric of little importance. 4. Persistence Nobody is telling you that this process is easy. The worst thing a manager can do is start the process, and when it gets difficult, stop it. That breeds contempt for both the process and the manager. Managers need to commit over the long haul and realize they must be persistent while the rest of the organizations works at getting it. 5. Consistency The primary mistake managers make is that they become inconsistent. Perhaps most of the time, their thinking and actions reflect the principles of TQM. However, not all the time. This tells employees that the manager is not serious. As soon as a manager suggests that a poor product or service be delivered, the game is up. Instant lack of credibility. Consistency also means including employees in the planning of TQM activities, treating employees as the managers customers, and a number of other things. 6.Incentive People will embrace changes that they see are in their own self-interest. When presenting or deal ing with TQM changes it is important that managers highlight and focus on the benefits to the other people in tt7e organization. 7. Communication Change will be accepted or rejected based on the effectiveness of the communication about it. Communication must be frequent, of a two-way nature, and balanced (both positives and negatives). It must begin as early as possible in the process. http://work911.com/articles/tqm2.htm accessed 23102010 Impact Culture does not change because we desire to change it. Culture changes when the organization is transformed; the culture reflects the realities of people working together every day. Frances Hesselbein The Key to Cultural Transformation, Leader to Leader (Spring 1999) Implementation Ten years ago, Peter Senge introduced the idea of the learning organization Now he says that for big companies to change, we need to stop thinking like mechanics and to start acting like gardeners. Alan M. Webber, Learning for a Change Vision without action is merely a dream Action without vision just passes the time Vision with action can change the world Joel A. Barker The Power of Vision In times of rapid change, experience could be your worst enemy. J. Paul Getty Only the wisest and stupidest of men never change. Confucius