Industrialization Of The Industrial Revolution - 1332 Words

During the 18th and 19th centuries, the Industrial Revolution played an integral role in the development of today’s world. Railroads were forming, factories were mass producing goods, medicines were being created, and communication was on the rise. Looking back on this time period, we can see how important all of these developments really were. Mechanization played a major role in the Industrial Revolution as people began to apply reason to manufacturing. Humans were flawed and such machinery was not, therefore producing more goods at a much faster rate. The textile industry saw a huge change during the Industrial Revolution, coal became a huge commodity and the first steam engine was developed. Chemicals were being produced to die†¦show more content†¦The conditions in which employees were working were also very hard. They worked long hours, were not allowed breaks and sometimes not given food. The factories were hot, and disease was quick to spread. Since it was more convenient for people to live near the factories in which they worked, these towns became over populated. In England and Wales, urban populations increased 40% from 1801-1891 (Unit 5). This helped to lead to more pollution. In 1873, 700 deaths were blamed on the smog in London. The textile industry was the first to see the extreme growth and change from the domestic system, where skilled workers worked out of their home, to unskilled laborers performing mundane factory work. Richard Arkwright patented his spinning frame in 1769 and then created the first true factory in Great Britain (Trueman). Before long, there were over 300 people employed. This was a vast change from the domestic system, where only two to three people worked in their home (Trueman). Now workers had set hours, usually long, and no longer enjoyed the flexibility of working from their homes. The factories grew very quickly as these new machines were being invented. The power loom, invented by Edmund Cartwright, saw the end of skilled weavers. They were now forced to become laborers in factories, as their skills were replaced by machines. From 1813 to 1850, the power loom grew from 2,400Show MoreRelatedIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution886 Words   |  4 PagesO Sullivan HIS 1102 29 March 2015 Industrialization in Europe Industrialization is a noun given the definition of the large-scale introduction of manufacturing, advanced technical enterprises, and other productive economic activity into an area, society, country (Dictionary.com). Tools have been around forever, but until the industrialization they required human labor to use. Almost every aspect of life was changed during this time. The industrial revolution was first used to describe a new economyRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution1588 Words   |  7 PagesThe Industrial Revolution is a technological phenomenon that still continues to this day, in the form of its fourth to fifth wave. Ever since the late 1700s, our society has evolved over nearly two and a half centuries, for better or for worse. However, most of the negatives then have disappeared into obscurity and the positives have only grown more and more. So while some might argue that Industrialization had primarily negative consequences for society because of chi ld workers and the poor conditionsRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesIndustrialization is the process by which an economy is transformed from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods. There were several people involved in the industrialization process, such as Cornelius Vanderbilt, Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J.P. Morgan. The Industrial Revolution completely restructured the old America into a completely different place in which we now live in. These changes brought about railroads, manufacturing cities, and population growth;Read MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution859 Words   |  4 Pagesworked in farms. In the mid 1700’s events changed the way of life. These events are called the Industrial Revolution. It was a long, uneven process that affected peoples’ lives. Simple tools where changed to complex machines; from human and animal power to electricity. Rural soc ieties became urban. Industrialization brought a variety of goods and an improved way of living to many. Agricultural Revolution is when people learn to farm and domesticate animals. It contributed to a rapid population growthRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution989 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution, which took place from the 18th to 19th centuries CE, was a period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, manufacturing was often done in people’s homes, using hand tools or basic machines. Industrialization marked a shift to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production. The iron and textile industries, along with the development of the steam engine,Read MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution1635 Words   |  7 Pages Just as it was in the 18th and 19th centuries when the industrial revolution began, today people fear that technology is d estroying jobs. Prior to the industrial revolution manufacturing was often done in peoples homes, using hand tools or basic machines. Industrialization marked a shift to powered special purpose machinery, factories and mass production. Yet at this time people feared for their jobs because the machinery resulted in often-grim employment opportunities many people argue that theRead MoreThe Industrialization Of The Industrial Revolution Essay2415 Words   |  10 Pages There are many identifying factors unique to Britain that were responsible for industrial innovation, change, growth and contraction during the period defined by the industrial revolution in Britain. By about 1750 Britain had become a world leader as a trading nation, with London becoming the warehouse of the world. London also had an efficient financial centre selling services such as insurance, including shipping insurance. It is estimated that 600,000 people lived in London at this time and aRead MoreIndustrializatio n Of The Industrial Revolution1996 Words   |  8 PagesThe Industrial Revolution started advancing in the mid-18th century after many sought new and more efficient methods of production to accomplish the needs of society . The Industrial Revolution brought with it an array of changes: an increase in population, the rise of new building typologies, redistributions of wealth and fluctuations of living conditions. The Industrial Revolution broke out in England with most of the important technological innovations being British ; with the application of reliableRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution1214 Words   |  5 Pagesthe emergence of the ‘Industrial Revolution’, the great age of steam, canals and factories that changed the face of the British economy forever.† (White, M, The Industrial Revolution). The industrial revolution sparked the development of capitalist economies and as a consequence a division of labour was formed. Therefore the capi talist system is seen as a natural consequence of the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution was a period in which societies became industrial due to there being anRead MoreIndustrialization During The Industrial Revolution1577 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrialization – ever changing the face and heartbeat of our society and the world in which we live – since the Industrial Revolution began in Britain (from 1760 until sometime between 1820 and 1840). The improvement of business acquisitions and evolution of trade were essential to the Industrial Revolution. Most of the British population lived in the countryside, in small villages, and interacted closely within their family unit and work. Industrialization, however, drastically altered the

Essay about Lisa Benton Case Study Review - 3013 Words

Assignment 3: Lisa Benton Case Analysis Katherine Torkelson Jack Welch Management Institute JWI 510 Leadership in the 21st Century March 10, 2013 Executive Summary This paper will discuss and analyze Lisa Benton, a recent Harvard Business School graduate. She is now an assistant product manager at a company called Houseworld. Lisa has a poor relationship with her new boss and coworker and she recently received a poor performance review. She is worried about her future with the company, and if she chose the right company to begin her career after receiving her MBA. Introduction Lisa had a tough decision to make. During her time in school working towards her MBA, she worked as the assistant to the president of Right-Away†¦show more content†¦4). This was contradictory to what Lisa’s current strategy was. She was going to listen to Scoville’s (Deborah’s â€Å"go to† associate) comments to remain in â€Å"learning mode, she [Lisa] thought it best to be quiet and act like a learner (Weber, 1994, p. 4). If Lisa is remaining in this mode, even though it is her first month, she is not exuding a sense of reliability. Manager’s look at employees that could be labeled â€Å"A players† who do what they say and get the job done (McIntosh amp; Luecke, 2011). Lisa needs to step up and give her â€Å"A† game in order to establish reliability so as to increase this element of influencing her boss, Deborah, and her associates. Over time, reliability develops, just as it does with trustworthiness. The last part of this particular model of the Foundation of Influence is assertiveness. A person who lacks assertiveness, which in turn has very little influential power, allows themselves to be pushed around or aside, or they â€Å"hide their light under a bushel.† â€Å"Assertiveness is a mode of personal behavior and communication characterized by a willingness to stand up for one’s needs and interests in an open and direct way. The assertive person stands up for things that matter to him while respecting the things that matter to others† (McIntosh amp; Luecke, 2011, p. 15). Lisa has had trouble influencing her boss, Deborah, because she has not shown, clearly enough, herShow MoreRelated Lisa Benton Case Analysis Paper 3 FINAL 6223 Words   |  25 Pages II Lisa Benton Case Analysis Jack Welch Management Institute Dr. Denis Tocci JWMI 510 Abstract In this case analysis I will focus on Deborah Linton and Lisa Benton. Deborah Linton is the Product Manager and is Lisa Benton’s direct supervisor at Houseworld. I will look at Deborah Linton’s leadership approach applying concepts from JWMI-510. I will act as a consultant to Deborah Linton and make recommendations on how she can build an effective team. I will point out why Lisa Benton hasRead MoreDissertation Proposal on Managing Diversity of Workforce18916 Words   |  76 Pagesare experiencing a necessity to make changes as well. The workforce will become increasingly more diverse in the future and this greatly affects the organization in its capacity of hiring and retaining employees. The literature reviewed within this study illustrates the fact that the expectations of employees differ within the generations represented in today’s workforce and unless managers have a sound knowledge-base of the needs and expectations of the organization’s employees then keeping theseRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 Data

Communication Plan Stakeholders

Question: Discuss about the Communication Plan for Stakeholders. Answer: Introduction Communication is important for the company in developing awareness and improving the companys products through having feedbacks from users and other stakeholders. Following the development of the new innovative car by Toyota Motor Group, there is a need to create awareness of this new great product. It is important to note that whenever the company develops a new product there has to be a launching event which is aimed at releasing the model into the market. Launching helps the brands gain popularity since many stakeholders can witness the launch. There is also a need to communicate to shareholders that their team is working hard to create new products that re technology based (Van, 2016)). Various communication channels will be used in conveying this information to different stakeholders. A free flow of information is important in an organization since it is helpful in avoiding confusion and conflicts. Different communication channels work effectively for different stakeholders. The refore, it is important to develop a plan that caters for all the stakeholders to whom the communication is to be done. Current Situation Analysis In order to develop a most effective communication plan, the current situation has to be analyzed in order to communicate in the most effective way. The current situation of the company and its operational environment will be analyzed through a Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, Technological Environmental and Legal factors (PESTEL) and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) and the competitive analysis in order to ascertain what has been done and what needs to be done in order to be successful in the market (Mayer, 2016). Pestel Analysis Political environment-This factor is critical for business because politics creates policies. Business cannot be conducted in countries with political instability. Toyota operates in many countries in the world. In most countries, there is political stability. This offers the organization a conducive political environment to conduct its business (DockalikovaKlozikova, 2014). Economic environment-Most of the world economies are stable and this is a conducive economic condition for business. This environment is highly competitive and therefore the market is dynamic. However, Toyota is one of the companies that has enjoyed the stable economies and the emerging economies because there has been a great success globally for the company (Matsuo, 2015). Socio-cultural factors-the company has been working towards meeting the current social requirements of different cultural groupings. This has created an opportunity for the company to penetrate most of these markets (Winfield Hay, 1997). Technology factors-the company has embraced technology since this is the trend in the current economy. Technology has improved production through efficiency. The company is also working towards improving their technology in production and in the car models that they produce (Turaga, 2016). Environmental factors-this factors are becoming popular and organization must comply with the environmental requirements. This is meant for sustainability. The environment plays a critical role in life and there is a need to preserve and conserve it. The company has programs that are meant to conserve the environment and they are embracing production techniques that are less harmful to the environment. Also, they have started producing products that are ecofriendly to make sure that the environment is protected (Noland, 2014). Legal factors-since Toyota operates in many environments, there is a need to adhere to legal factors that exist in such countries. Different jurisdictions have different policies that have to be adhered to in order to conduct business there. Toyota has complied with the legal requirements of these countries and they have their business running. Swot Analysis Strengths-The Company has a strong brand name-in communication, this has to be considered since the brand name can be tarnished by conveying wrong information. Therefore care should be given in the kind of information that is passed. The company also has a global supply chain and innovation capabilities whose interests must be catered for in communication (Comino Ferretti, 2016). Weaknesses-Secrecy in organizational structure and effects of recall of products in the recent past. This should be considered in order to persuade customers and retain them (Kong, 2008). Opportunities-rise in demand for fuel efficient automobiles and the growing market in developing countries (Serpa, 2016). Threats-low cost competitors and rapid changes in technology. In the communication plan, this should be considered in order to address how this factors will be dealt with. Competitive Analysis The automobile industry is very competitive having many companies across the globe. Toyota has been known to develop fuel efficient automobiles and that is what the emerging markets prefer. Therefore, the company has a competitive advantage as compared to the other brands and that gives Toyota a chance to penetrate the market faster than any other automobile brands (Cassidy, 2011). Communication Objectives The first objective of this communication plan is to ensure that the staff members are recognized for their hard work and innovativeness in the production process. Secondly, to ensure that the product users know that there is a new product in the market that is more efficient and advanced in technology and environment friendly. Thirdly, to ensure that customers have a channel through which they can communicate their concerns and give feedbacks. Fourth, to recognize the emerging markets in the developing and middle income economies. Fifth, to showcase the companys success in developing new products Sixth, to increase the companys popularity through mainstream and social media channels. Seventh, to communicate the improvement of policies that are affecting the business negatively. Lastly, to create awareness that the company is concerned about the environment and the society and that is why they are producing eco-friendly products using environment-friendly techniques. Scope of the Communication Plan Apart from communicating the launch of the new innovative Toyota automobile, the communication will cover various policy issues and the intended technological improvements that the company intends to introduce to enhance efficiency. Also, it will include the new targeted markets in the developing economies which have a great potential. Finally, it will be in order to thank the society for providing a conducive environment that has enabled the company to attain the success that can be observed. Stakeholders Stakeholders include the internal and external stakeholders. They include; the staff members, the board of directors, customers, potential customers, investors, policy makers, and community groups. All these stakeholders are important to the company because they contribute in one way or another to the success of the company. Therefore, there is a need to communicate to them about what is happening in the organization so that they can be kept updated on all the events and developments that the company has. Being a multinational corporation, Toyota deals with people from different cultural backgrounds. In communication, it is important to consider the culture factor in order to communicate effectively. To some extent, culture plays a critical role in how people make decisions. If the communication being made is not appropriate for all the cross-sectional cultures, it may not be effective and part of the audience can miss out on what is being communicated (Berger Iyengar, 2013). Toyotas Formal and Informal Communication Channels Toyota engages in communication as part of their business functions. There are different channels through which the company makes its communication and they are determined by the target audience, purpose and the budget. This means that the company embraces both formal and informal communication depending on the communication needs.These communication channels have played an important role in the success that the company enjoys since there are few misunderstandings and conflicts. The communication plans have been effective. The communication channels will be discussed below (PaltsKalmus, 2015). These are communication channels that are controlled by the people in authority. Internal and external communication is conducted through these channels. The newsletter This is an internal communication channel that is meant for employee communication. This tool is important in the organization because it contains information and entertainment (Berger Iyengar, 2013). Advantages The newsletter has entertainment bits which act as a motivation for readers to get the information that is within the document. It recognizes employees and various events that the company has had and the employees needs. The newsletter can be used to get new clients because it contains vital information that may be useful for customers. Disadvantages The newsletter contains more internal affairs information rather than the corporate matters and it is purely meant for the employees. It is produced quarterly and therefore it is meant to give reviews on company performance. This is not adequate for communicating more in the organization. The notice board The notice board offers a channel through which the companys internal communication can be conducted.The notice board is accessible by all the employees and it can be used in communicating important matters of the organization. This channel is considered to be one of the oldest through which formal organizational communication is done (Raman, 2016). Advantages of the Notice Board It is less costly for the organization since few resources are utilized in order to communicate. It is effective since the notice boards are strategically located for all employees to access. This makes it easy to communicate within the organization. Information and resolutions from committee meetings are easily passed on to other members of the company through this medium. Disadvantages of the Notice Board Some members of the organization may miss out on the information on the notice board if they are not careful enough to check the notice board. Memos This also is an important internal communication channel. Toyota uses this channel in disseminating various pieces of information that are vital for the organization.These are informative channels and they are taken seriously because they originate from authorities. There are no specific formats for this channel but different offices may adapt their own formats (Raman, 2016). Advantages of Memos Information in a memo is taken seriously by the organizations members because it comes from higher authorities. This is an important aspect of information because there is respect accorded to these authorities. They are strong and effective tools of internal communication. Emails This is one of the communication channels that is rapidly becoming popular in most organizations. Emails can be used for both formal and informal communication (Towner Klemz, 2016). Advantages It is effective in passing on urgent information and therefore they offer a chance of fast action. The channel is relatively cheap. Can be used as evidence when needed. Disadvantages It requires technical knowledge to use and if a person is technologically illiterate, it can pose a great challenge. Social Media Social media has also become popular and corporates have embraced its use. This channel has a big community which can be accessed easily with readily available gadgets. The young generationhas embraced social media platforms and it has changed to be a great marketing platform (Agozzino Kaiser, 2014). Advantages It has a large community and therefore external communication can be delivered through this channel. It is cheap to setup. It can be utilized for marketing because most people on social media can have the ability to purchase the companys products. Disadvantages It is considered an informal channel. It can be used to tarnish the company reputation. Radio and television channels These are the traditional channels through which external communication can be done. The channels have been used for many years in order to communicate to the public (Madsen, 2016). Advantages This channels have a potential to communicate to a large group of people. Critical messages can be can be communicated through this channels. Television and radio offer authentic communication because it is believed to have been delivered by authorities. The channels can be used for advertising and marketing which is also a form of communication. Disadvantages The channels are expensive to use. The communications conveyed through these channels cannot be accessed once they are done because they cannot repeat without being paid. Communication Work Plan The staff members will receive their communication through a memo and emails. These will be effective channels for the employees because they all have access to internet connected computers and they can easily read their emails. Also, a copy of the memo will be availed at the noticeboards for all members who will be willing to use the information at the notice board. The board of directors, policy makers and investors will receive formal communication through letters and emails. These are formal communication channels through which the communication can reach this group easily and effectively. When the communication is made directly to these people, they feel the authority and respect that they are accorded by the company. There will be communication through media channels, both social media and main stream media to ensure that the community groups and the potential customers receive a formal communication.Therefore, television and radio channels will be used in executing this function. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Communication Plan The level of success of the communication plan will be measured by the use of various tools. For instance, the number of invited guests who will attend the launch will be used to evaluate the success of the communication plan. Also, the number of inquiries that will be received will be used in the analysis and evaluation of the strategys success. Lastly, the policy makers actions on our company requests will also be used. This evaluation will be important in making sure that the communication strategies employed in this communication are effective so that in the next time there are improvements to the way information is conveyed, especially to the external environment. By having a huge number of respondents with regards to this launch-that will indicate a successful communication plan. Conclusion A communication plan is important for such an event. The various communication channels that were discussed have their significance in different forms of communication. The objectives of the communication plan have to be met in order for the plan to be considered effective. After having analysed the environment in which This Company operates, the communication plan developed is likely to register a high success level. References Agozzino, A., Kaiser, C. (2014). Social Media as a Practical Approach in Engaging Key Stakeholders in School Crisis Communication Plans: A Qualitative Analysis. Journal Of School Public Relations, 35(1), 44-62. Berger, J., Iyengar, R. (2013). Communication Channels and Word of Mouth: How the Medium Shapes the Message. Journal Of Consumer Research, 40(3), 567-579. doi:10.1086/671345 Blanchard, D. (2011). Toyota Unleans its Supply Chain. Industry Week/IW, 260(11), 45. Cassidy, W. B. (2011). Thai Flooding Swamps Toyota Supply Chain. Joc Online, 1-2. Comino, E., Ferretti, V. (2016). Indicators-based spatial SWOT analysis: Supporting the strategic planning and management of complex territorial systems. Ecological Indicators, 601104-1117. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.09.003 Dockalikova, I., Klozikova, J. (2014). MCDM Methods in Practice: Determining the Significance of PESTEL Analysis Criteria. Proceedings Of The European Conference On Management, Leadership Governance, 418-427. Jung-Hwan, H., Tae-Wook, K., Chang-Hee, H., Seong-Ook, P. (2016). Bit error rate degradation model for time- delay parameter of co-channel interference occurring in human body communication. IET Communications, 10(6), 724-733. doi:10.1049/iet-com.2015.0689 Kernbach, S., Eppler, M. J., Bresciani, S. (2015). The Use of Visualization in the Communication of Business Strategies: An Experimental Evaluation. International Journal Of Business Communication, 52(2), 164-187. doi:10.1177/2329488414525444 Kong, E. (2008). The development of strategic management in the non-profit context: Intellectual capital in social service non-profit organizations. International Journal Of Management Reviews, 10(3), 281-299. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2370.2007.00224.x Madsen, V. T. (2016). Constructing Organizational Identity on Internal Social Media: A Case Study of Coworker Communication in Jyske Bank. International Journal Of Business Communication, 53(2), 200-223. doi:10.1177/2329488415627272 Matsuo, H. (2015). Implications of the Tohoku earthquake for ToyotaÃâ€" ³s coordination mechanism: Supply chain disruption of automotive semiconductors. International Journal Of Production Economics, 161217-227. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.07.010 Mayer, D. K. (2016). Using Survivorship Care Plans to Enhance Communication and Cancer Care Coordination: Results of a Pilot Study. Oncology Nursing Forum, 43(5), 636-645. doi:10.1188/16.ONF.636-645 Noland, C. (2014). Teaching Theory X and Theory Y in Organizational Communication. Communication Teacher, 28(3), 145-149. Okoro, E. A. (2011). Academic Integrity and Student Plagiarism: Guided Instructional Strategies for Business Communication Assignments. Business Communication Quarterly, 74(2), 173-178. doi:10.1177/1080569911404064 Palts, K., Kalmus, V. (2015). Digital Channels in Teacher-Parent Communication: The Case of Estonia. International Journal Of Education And Development Using Information And Communication Technology, 11(3), 65-81. Raman, A. (2016). How Do Social Media, Mobility, Analytics and Cloud Computing Impact Nonprofit Organizations? A Pluralistic Study of Information and Communication Technologies in Indian Context. Information Technology For Development, 22(3), 400-421. doi:10.1080/02681102.2014.992002 Serpa, S. (2016). A Sociological Approach to Institutional Communication: The Public Image in Organizational Administration in Education. International Education Studies, 9(1), 79-90. Solaja, O. M., Idowu, F. E., James, A. E. (2016). Exploring the Relationship Between Leadership Communication Style, Personality Trait and Organizational Productivity. Serbian Journal Of Management, 11(1), 99-117. doi:10.5937/sjm11-8480 Towner, E. B., Klemz, B. R. (2016). Social Media in Business and Professional Communication Courses. Business Professional Communication Quarterly, 79(3), 331-347. doi:10.1177/2329490615628017 Turaga, R. (2016). Organizational Models of Effective Communication. IUP Journal Of Soft Skills, 10(2), 56-65. Van Hove, N. (2016). An SOP Communication Plan: The Final Step in Support of Company Strategy. Foresight: The International Journal Of Applied Forecasting, (42), 5-10. Winfield, I., Hay, A. (1997). Toyota's supply chain: Changing employee relations. Employee Relations, 19(4/5), 457-465.

Robert E. Lee Essays - American Civil War, Robert E. Lee

Robert E. Lee Robert E. Lee, who was considered to be the greatest soldier fighting for the Confederate States of America, descended from a long line of famous heroes. Many of Lee's ancestors played important roles in America's history. His father was a Revolutionary War hero and a friend of George Washington. He was often referred to as "Light Horse Harry" Lee. Lee was born on January 19, 1807 in Stratford, Virginia. Lee always admired Washington, and was his hero as a youngster. Young Lee decided to become a soldier, partly because of the military tradition of his family. Lee enrolled in West Point Military Academy and graduated 2nd in his class in 1829. Lee majored in military engineering and supervised several army projects, he was named Second Lieutenant in the Corp engineers. His devotion and hard work in supervising harbor improvements in Saint Louis got him promoted to Captain in 1838. As a captain, his first experience in actual battle was in the Mexican War. He served under General Winfield Scott, and was the best engineer in General Scott's campaign. Lee's actions at the battles of Cerro Gordo, Churubusco, and Chapultepec received many high praises and earned him a reputation. General Scott claimed that the success of the war was due to Lee's bravery and skills, Lee was appointed the rank of Colonel. In 1582 he was appointed superintendent of West Point Military Academy. Under his service, James B. McPherson, Phillip Sheridan, and John Bell Hood would graduate from the academy, soon to be famous. Lee finished his duty as the superintendent in 1855, and served as a Lieutenant Colonel in the Second Cavalry, stationed in Texas. In 1859, while serving in Texas, Lee was sent to command a group of Marines to suppress John Brown's uprising. John Brown was a northern abolitionist would believed a rebellion in the south would lead to abolition. He was taken down by Lee's forces. After suppressing the uprising, Lee was called to Washington is 1861. The succesion movement had begun. Some southern states had left, but Lee's own Virginia was still uncertain. As much as Lee had supported the Union, he couldn't bear the sight of union soldiers invading and destroying his hometown. Lee had thought over this matter for days, and finally decided to resign from the union forces and offer his help to the confederacy. When Lee reached Richmond, Virginia had succeeded and they had appointed Lee commander of Virginia Military forces. When Virginia joined the confederacy, the capital was set at Richmond, and they took over all the forces Lee controlled. Although Lee was a full colonel, he had no troops. Finally the confederacy's president, Jefferson Davis, sent him to stop Union foces coming in from Western Virginia. He failed and was reassigned to building coastal fortifications in South Carolina and Georgia. Lee was called back to Richmond in 1862 and appointed by president Jefferson Davis to be the chief commander of all Confederate forces. Although his name sounded powerful, it was actually very pathetic. President Davis took the matters into his own hands, and only allowed Lee to interfere in small decisions of the war. Soon after Lee was appointed, a large Union force had approached the gates of Richmond, and he was sent to stop the penetration of union forces. Lee arrived in Richmond in June of 1862. The Union army was under the command of General McClellan, and was only a few miles away from the city along the Chickhominy River. Lee had decided to destroy the smaller group of union forces guarding the north side of the river, and push the rest back from there. Lee also took a great risk by only leaving a small portion of his army guarding the gates of the city. Anyway, Lee was successful in pushing the union forces back 25 miles in the next 7 days. The union government retreated General McClellan's forces back up to Northern Virginia where they will regroup with General Pope's forces. Lee, receiving word of this plan, hurried his forces to meet pope before McClellan. Again, he took the risk of only leaving a small force behind to guard the city. He was successful in crushing Pope's forces. Lee had pushed Pope's forces